218 



INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF OCEANOGRAPHY 



and directed by Danish officers. In 1915 both 

 survey divisions were directed by Siamese naval 

 officers, but until 1926 the work was under the 

 general supervision of a Danish officer. Although 

 the survey of Siamese waters has been carried 

 on for more than 50 years, it was not until the 

 present century that it became necessary to 

 concentrate the work under the management of a 

 special authority. 



After the Siamese Navy undertook the surveys 

 in the Siamese waters, it was the practice to send 

 the working charts to Copenhagen for final 

 draughting and reproduction. The first sheet 

 was published in 1914. In 1915 two Siamese 

 officers were sent to Denmark, where they were 

 attached to the survey work of the Hydrographic 

 Department (Sokart Arkevet, Copenhagen) to 

 study drawing and the construction of charts. 

 Upon their return to Siam in 1917 a school to 

 instruct students in the art of chart drawing and 

 chart reproduction was established at the Hydro- 

 graphic Office. In 1921 the first chart was 

 printed in Siam. Now the Hydrographic Service 

 has charge of all construction and publication of 

 charts. 



In 1929 the Siamese Navy sent two of its 

 officers to the United States to study hydrography 

 and such allied subjects as geodesy, tide harmonic 

 analysis, oceanography, meteorology, modern 

 information, and instruments of this branch in 

 U. S. Navy, and they visited the International 

 Hydrographic Bureau. In 1932 the officers came 

 back and with their chief set to work to remodel 

 the organization of the office so as to cope, 

 technically and financially, with the awkward 

 situation caused by the general depression. 



Location: Bangkok. 



Organization to which attached: Siamese Navy. 



Purposes: To collect, digest, and issue timely 

 information calculated to afford the maximum 

 possible navigational safety and facility to the 

 ships on the seas or to mariners on the whole. 



Scope of activities: There are sections as follows : 

 Administration, Marine survey and chart con- 

 struction. Lights and beacons. Maritime se- 

 curity, Oceanography, and Meteorology. 



Equipment: 



Staff: Director, Nai Nava Ek (Captain-Capitaine de 



Vaisseau) Luang Samruat Vithin Smudh. 

 Asst. Director, Nai Nava Tho (Comm'-Capitaine 



de Fregate) Luang Joldhan Brudhikrai. 

 Chief of Section of Marine Survey and Chart 



Construction, Nai Nava Tri (Lt. Comm"'- 



Capitaine de Corvette) Luang Subhi Utakdhan. 

 Chief of Section of Lights and Beacons, Nai Nava 



Tri (Lt. Comm''-Cap. de Corvette) Luang 



CholasiicLseni. 

 Chief of Section of Maritime Security, Nai Nava 



Tri (Lt. Comm'-Cap. de Corvette) Luang 



Pichywari. 

 Chief of Section of Oceanography, Nai Nava Tri 



(Lt. Comm'-Cap. de Corvette) Luang Thien 



Cholapratheep. 

 Chief of Section of Meteorology, Nai Rua Ek. 



(Lt.-Lt. de Vaisseau) Charoon Bunnag. 

 Provisions for visiting investigators: Nothing special. 

 Income: The budgets of the Hydrographic Service 

 from the years of 1921 were as follows: 



SURVEYING VESSEI^ 



DISLACEMENT OFFICEHS CREW 



Pal. 



Gut. 



597 

 597 



56 

 56 



Provisions for publication of results: Charts, "Siamese 

 Notice to Mariners" (since 1920 in both Siamese 

 and English). "List of Lights in Siamese Waters", 

 "Bangkok Bar Tide Tables", "Catalogue of Siamese 

 Charts", "Distance Table in Siamese Waters" and 

 "Year Books". 



Siberia 

 The Kamchatka Fisheries Station ('35) 



Location: Petropavlovsk, Avatcha Bay, Kamchatka. 



Organization to which attached: The AU-Union Scien- 

 tific Research Institution of Marine Fisheries 

 and Oceanography. 



Purposes: To study comprehensively and in detail 

 the waters adjacent to the Kamchatka Pen- 

 insula. 



(Scope of activities: The site of the station is very 

 advantageous for making stationary observations 

 in great depths in the open ocean. Within a few 

 tens of miles from Avatcha Bay, the depths of 



