concentrations in the outermost layer of skin of tuna are 

 150 times higher than within the muscle. This concentration 

 may be due to the fixation of seawater lead by albuminoids in 

 fish skin mucus. Lead concentrations in skeletal bone, spleen 

 (blood), and stomach contents are twice those in muscle. Lead 

 concentrations in gills arc half those in muscles. In albacore, 

 45 percent of the lead is contained in muscle, 25 percent 

 in the epidermis, and 10 percent in skeletal bone and scale. 

 Lead is not stored in fish bone to the same extent it is stored in 

 mammal bone. Skipjack and yellowfin tunas showed 10-fold 

 higher body burdens of lead than albacore, yet the relative 

 amounts of lead in the bone, fin, and muscle of these fish did 

 not change. Observed lead concentrations in scales are probably 

 high because of cross-contamination with epidermal slime. It is 

 not necessary that significant amounts of lead be absorbed into 

 the main bloodstream from either the epidermis or the gills 

 because the lead content in the food of tuna can account for 

 the observed tuna body burden of lead. Red blood cell/ 

 serum lead ratios are probably lower in fish blood compared to 

 humans. 



Organization: University of California, Bodega Marine 

 Laboratory 



Investigator: R. Risebrough 



Project Title: Formulation of Mass Balance Equations for 

 Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Marine Ecosystems 



Grant No.: GX-32885 



This project will try to formulate the parameters of a mass 

 balance equation for the polychlorinated biphenyls (PBC) in 

 Californial coastal waters, permitting an approach to the prob- 

 lem of determining long-term accumulation rates of PCB in 

 these and other marine ecosystems. Estimates of input will be 

 derived from measurements of PCB in sewage waste waters and 

 in waters of major California rivers. 



An approach to the problem of determination of the input 

 from atmospheric fallout will be made by measurements of PCB 

 in the snow of permanent snow fields in the vicinity of Mount 

 Olympus, Wash. 



Determination of partition coefficients between concentra- 

 tions of PCB in water and concentrations in mussels (Myiilus) 

 will be carried out under experimental conditions, combined 

 with a study of PCB uptake by phytoplankton. PCB concentra- 

 tions measured in seawater will be compared with concentra- 

 tions recorded in mussels from the same area to confirm the 

 values of partition coeflficients obtained in laboratory studies. 

 Uptake and loss of PCB in mussels in contaminated and rela- 

 tively uncontaminated waters will be studied under environmen- 

 tal conditions. In this way estimates of the PCB burden in water 

 masses will be obtained. The possibility that sediments are a 

 sink for PCB wiO be investigated. 



Organization: University of California, Scripps Institution 

 of Oceanography 



Investigator. E. Goldberg 



Project Title: The Fluxes of Synthetic Organics in the Marine 

 Environment 



Grant No.: GX-32977 



In this project techniques for the measurement of freons in 

 air were developed as the first phase of investigating how man- 

 generated low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbons affect 

 the oceans. Freon 11 and Freon 12 have been assayed in the La 

 Jolla-San Diego, Calif., atmosphere. Present work includes seek- 

 ing a technique for the analyses of these freons in seawater. 



Organization: University of California, Scripps Institution 

 of Oceanography 



Investigator: R. Lasker 



Project Title: Exchange Rates of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 

 and Similar Chemicals in Marine Food Chains Established 

 in the Laboratory 



Grant No.: GX-32977 



In this project the first 6 months have been spent develop- 

 ing the techniques necessary to explain the mechanisms of bio- 

 logical transfer of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) in a ma- 

 rine food chain. Much of the effort has been directed towards 

 designing a system for incorporating CHC into expeiimental 

 foods chains to simulate, as closely as possible, conditions as 

 they exist in the ocean. 



There is good evidence that the great majority of CHCs 

 enter the oceans already absorbed onto fine (< 1 micron) 

 particles. In constructing a laboratory system capable of demon- 

 strating the biological transfer of CHCs in the oceans, it was 

 believed necessary to maintain CHC concentrations at levels 

 known to exist in the California Current and to have these 

 CHCs introduced into the system absorbed onto sub 1 micron 

 particles. With knowledge of the flow rate of the compressed air 

 bubbled through the system and the amount of CHC present in 



Figure 10. — The Skidaway Institution of 

 Oceanography innercontinental shelf area for 

 environmental quality studies. 



