layer samples for organic analysis were collected on cruise 

 TR-123, as were tar balls from several stations. Microlayer 

 samples for trace metal analyses were also collected in Narra- 

 gansett Bay. 



Ninety-five surface profiler samples were collected at 10 

 locations on Cruise TR-123 between Bermuda and the Azores. 

 The water samples from depths of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 

 and 110 centimeters were analyzed for reactive phosphate. The 

 objective of the surface profiler project is to develop a system 

 for determining vertical chemical and physical gradients within 

 1 meter of the air-sea interface. These gradients will be used to 

 characterize the dynamics of the surface region and the trans- 

 port of pollutants from the interface to the mixed layer. Phos- 

 phate was selected as a chemical indicator of near-surface dy- 

 namics because of its surface active tendency and its compatibil- 

 ity for shipboard analysis. 



Atmospheric particulate samples for trace metal analysis 

 and organic analysis were also collected from a 20-meter high 

 tower constructed on the southwest coast of Hamilton Island, 

 Bermuda. 



The following profiles and tables are available from 

 NODC. They have been cataloged under NODC accession No. 

 73-0573. 



1. Table of trace metals (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb) 

 in 24 samples of atmospheric particulate matter. 



2. Tables of trace metals (Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb) from seven 

 samples of the surface microlayer in Narragansett Bay. 



3. Profiles of four samples of phosphate concentrations in 

 surface microlayer and upper 1 meter. 



4. Tables of preliminary data of inorganic, organic, and 

 total organic mercury from Connecticut River, Mystic River, 

 and Long Island Sound. 



Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 



Investigator: G. R. Harvey 



Project Title: Uptake and Transfer of Chlorinated Hydro- 

 carbons in the Atlantic Ocean 



Grant No.: GX-35212 



During summer 1972, three cruises were made in the east- 

 ern and western North Atlantic between 26°N and 63 °N: 

 WHOI RV Chain cruise 105-1, from Newfoundland to Portu- 

 gal; Chain cruise 105-2, Portugal to Ireland; and WHOI RV 

 Atlantis ii Cruise 71, Woods Hole, Mass., to Bermuda (figs. 

 15, 16). Stations 1 to 23 were occupied between June 6 and 

 August 8, 1972, on Cruise 105, legs 1 and 2 of the Chain; 

 Stations 25 to 41 were occupied between September 21 and 

 October 9, 1972, on Cruise 71 of the Atlantis ii. Station 24 is 

 the Woods Hole dock, occupied on October 2, 1972. The water 

 samples were analyzed for concentrations of PCBs. A complete 

 analytical facility was set up in the hydrolabs of the ships, and 

 surface and deepwater samples were extracted and analyzed on 

 board within 4 hours of collection. 



In addition, over 100 samples of plankton and mesopelagic 

 organisms were collected. Plankton analyses for PCBs have 

 been completed, and mesopelagic organisms are now being 

 analyzed. The prevailing hydrocarbon concentrations within, 

 among, and between species, as well as water concentrations. 



and geographic position will be correlated and scrutinized for 

 food chain relationships. 



A portable air sampling system was constructed that will 

 extract both the particulate and vapor phase chlorinated hydro- 

 carbons from the atmosphere. This sampler was not ready for 

 the summer cruises, but was used to monitor the Woods Hole 

 atmosphere until open ocean sampling can be performed. Harvey 

 will continue to study the relations between vapor phase and 

 particulate concentrations, and for intercalibration will sample 

 the atmosphere on Bermuda simultaneously with the University 

 of Rhode Island investigators. 



The following Tables are available from NODC. They have 

 been cataloged under NODC accession No. 73-0573. 



1. Table of PCB concentrations in North Atlantic waters. 



2. Table of chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in 

 the Woods Hole atmosphere. 



In 1973, IDOE began a major study of the effects of 

 chemical pollutants on marine organisms and marine communi- 

 ties. The goal of this research is to understand and predict how 

 chronic, long-term, and low-level exposures to pollutants affect 

 marine organisms and communities. Research focuses on all 

 levels of the life process — effects on biochemical reactions, on 

 organs and individual organisms, and on community structure 

 and food chain relationships. A list of projects within this study 

 appears as table 2. 



Because biological effects of pollutants may be subtle and 

 difficult to detect at low pollutant levels, researchers are observ- 

 ing the effects of pollutants on many biological parameters. The 

 effect of petroleum on the kinetics of selected enzyme systems in 

 bacteria is being investigated. The physiological effects of water 

 soluble petroleum hydrocarbons on marine invertebrates is being 

 investigated by observing the effect of pollutants on the 

 rhythmic beating of cilia. Other biological rate processes being 

 studied include filtering, oxygen consumption, photosynthesis, 

 reproduction, swimming, and ventilation. 



To determine the effects of pollutants on marine plankton 

 communities, IDOE is sponsoring a unique approach to pollu- 

 tion ecology. A research facility is being estabhshed at a deep- 

 water, protected inlet that has an oceanic flora and fauna for 

 the purpose of studying the effects of pollutants on marine 

 communities that are maintained in large, carefully controlled 

 experimental enclosures. The enclosures consist of plastic cylin- 

 ders (2 meters by 10 meters) that are suspended in the water 

 column. The cylinders are open to the atmosphere but closed at 

 the bottom. The enclosed community is the natural one. The 

 project has been named CEPEX — Controlled Ecosystem Pollu- 

 tion Experiment. Gradually, enough of these cylinders will be 

 constructed to permit the study of a variety of pollutants and to 

 allow for control-cylinders to which no pollutant is added. The 

 CEPEX approach will permit long-term (up to 90 days) biolog- 

 ical effect studies. 



Although the U.S. /IDOE is taking the lead in establishing 

 the CEPEX experiment, the overall effort is international. Sev- 

 eral Canadian scientists are participating in the research, some 

 of which will be carried out in Canada. United Kingdom scien- 

 tists have constructed a CEPEX type cylinder at Loch Eve, 

 Scotland, and are coordinating their efforts with the planned 

 work. U.S. participants in CEPEX appear in table 3. 



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