NORPAX depends heavily on EDS archives for basic 

 observational data as input to its science program. Since the 

 program involves air-sea interaction, both EDS National 

 Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) and National Climatic 

 Center (NCC) are involved. NORPAX has ordered NODC's 

 entire, revised, geographically sorted oceanographic station 

 data file of over 12 million observations, which contains the 

 recently augmented North Pacific data. In addition, the Fleet 

 Numerical Weather Center's copy of NCC's marine deck is 

 being updated in a cooperative effort with NORPAX. Re- 

 cently, data from selective meteorological stations over the 

 North Pacific basin have been ordered from NCC to augment 

 data currently held at NORPAX. 



NORPAX includes a visiting scientist program, which 

 provides support for a limited number of expectionally quali- 

 fied scientists from any country to work on various aspects of 

 the problem at any of the participating institutions. The NOR- 

 PAX projects, investigators, and organizations are listed in the 

 WOE Progress Report: January 1970 to July 1972. 



NORPAX Bibliography 



CoUins, C.A., W.S. Wilson, J. Carlmark, W.J. Merrell, and 

 T.P. Bamett. The North Pacific Experiment Probes 

 Weather Phenomenon, Marine Technology Society Jour- 

 nal, 7(1): 10-13, January-February 1973. 



Huang, J. G. K. Recent Decadal Variation in the California 

 Current System. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2(4): 382-390, 

 1972. 



Namias, J. Influence of Northern Hemisphere General Circula- 

 tion on Drought in Northeast Brazil. Tellus 24: 337-343, 

 1972. 



Namias, J. Experiments in Objectively Predicting Some At- 

 mospheric and Oceanic Variables for the Winter of 

 1971-1972. /. Appl. Meteorl. 11(8): 1164-1174, 1972. 



Reid, J. L., M. J. Moynihan, and G.C. Anderson. Antarctic 

 Research Aboard Northwind in February 1972. Antarctic 

 J. U. S. 2(4) 123-125, 1972. 



Tubbs, A. M. Summer Thunderstorms Over Southern Califor- 

 nia. Mon. Weather Rev. 100(11): 799-807, 1972. 



White, W. B., and T. P. Bamett. A Servomechanism in the 

 Ocean/Atmosphere System of the Mid-Latitude North 

 Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2(4): 372-381, 1972. 



White, W. B. and M. W. Evans. Synoptic Time and Length 

 Scales of Motion in the North Equatorial Current System 

 of the Pacific Ocean, /. Geophys. Res. 77(30): 

 5971-5980, 1972. 



Climate: Long Range Investigation, IVlapping, 

 and Prediction (CLIIVIAP) Study 



The objectives of this project are the description and 

 understanding of climatic changes over the past 700,000 years. 

 An accurate definition of these changes over such a time scale 

 is mandatory if scientists are to understand the transition be- 

 tween what are currently considered the two stable states of 

 global climate — the ice age and the temperate age. By compar- 

 ing an accurate description of this transition to that predicted 

 by models of global climate, a better understanding of the 

 mechanisms of climatic change will be achieved. The CLIMAP 

 project should shed light on such basic questions as whether 

 changes in climate are due to fluctuations in solar radiation or 

 whether they are caused by changes in the earth's hydrosphere. 

 A thorough understanding of climatic changes is necessary if 

 we are to comprehend our present place in the natural cycle. 

 Moreover, such knowledge is important in order to assess and 

 to anticipate the effects of man's activity on the global environ- 

 ment. 



The CLIMAP project seeks to answer the questions cited 

 above through the study of deep-sea sediments. When com- 

 pared to the scanty record kept by man on changes in the 

 oceans and atmosphere, the layers of sediment on the seafloor 

 provide a rich source of data. Indeed, an excellent chronologi- 

 cal record has been captured in the ocean-bottom sediment 

 cores which are preserved in marine geological archives. (Sam- 

 ple location of cores used thus far in the North Atlantic is 

 shown in fig. 19.) Recent advances in dating techniques, auto- 

 mated analyses of individual sediment cores, and computer 

 correlation of the many features in the sediment strata, make it 

 possible to generate global-scale summaries of past sea surface 

 conditions. 



Paleo-oceanographic maps are being constructed for four 

 selected times: 6,000 years ago (the postglacial thermal maxi- 

 mum), 17,000 years ago (the last glacial stage), 120,000 

 years (the last interglacial stage), and 700,000 years ago (the 

 mid-Pleistocene base). Comparable maps for present time 

 form the basis for interpretation. 



The general plan of research work includes: 



1. A survey of existing core collections to determine 

 those most suitable for use in the base grid for the paleo- 

 oceanographic study. This survey consisted primarily of routine 

 paleontological examinations and was completed during the 

 first year of the project. 



2. The acquisition and initial interpretation of paleonto- 

 logical, sedimentological, and geochemical data on suitable 

 grids for all "time" levels. 



3. Extension and consolidation of present work on 



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