buoyant floats in the North Atlantic, /. Mar. Res. 33(3): 

 383-404. MODE Contribution No. 40. 



McCuUough, J. 1974: In search of moored current sensors, in 

 Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the — 

 Marine Technology Society Sept. 23-25, Wash., D.C., 

 31-54 pp. 



McWilliams, James. 1975: Large scale inhomegenity and 

 mesoscale ocean waves: A single stable wave field, /. Mar. 

 Res. 23(4):285-300. MODE Contribution No. 35. 



Pochapsky, T. E. 1976: Vertical structure of currents and 

 deep temperatures in the western Sargasso Sea, /. Phys. 

 Oceanog. 6(l):45-56, MODE Contribution No. 58. 



Rhines, Peter. 1975: Waves and turbulence on a beta plane, 

 /. Fluid Mechanics 69(3) :417-443, MODE Contribution 

 No. 39. 



Robinson, Allan R. and James McWilliams. 1974: The baro- 

 clinic instability of the open ocean, J. Phys. Oceanog. 

 4(3):281-294, MODE Contribution No. 7. 



Robinson, Allan R. 1975: The variability of ocean currents, 

 Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 13(3) :598-601, MODE Con- 

 Contribution No. 14. 



Rossby, H. T., Arthur Voorhis, Douglas Webb. 1975: A quasi- 

 lagrangian study of mid-ocean variability using long-range 

 SOFAR floats, J. Mar. Res. 33(3) : 355-382, MODE 

 Contribution No. 41. 



Sanford, Thomas B. 1975: Observations of the vertical struc- 

 ture of internal waves, J. Geophys. Res. 80(27) :3861- 

 3871, MODE Contribution No. 33. 



Scarlett, Richard I. 1975: A data-processing method for STD 

 profiles, Deep-Sea Res. 22:509-515, MODE Contribution 

 No. 12. 



Scarlett, Richard I. 1975: STD's in mode — a grab bag of 

 calibration problems: the results, in Proceedings of the 

 Third STD Conference (Supplement), Plessey Environ- 

 mental Systems, San Diego, Calif., MODE Contribution 



No. 22. 



Zenk, Walter and Eli Joel Katz. 1975: On the stationarity of 

 temperature spectra at high horizontal wave numbers, 

 /. Geophys. Res. 80(27) :3885-3891, MODE Contribu- 

 tion No. 18. 



Zetler, Bernard, Walter Munk, Harold Mofjeld, Wendell Brown, 

 and Florence Dormer. 1975: MODE tides, J. Phys. 

 Oceanog. 5(1 ) :430-441, MODE Contribution No. 16. 



MODE Technical and Data Reports 



Gifford, James E. 1975: Cruise Report, Atlantis-II, Tech. 

 Rep. WHOI-74-103, Woods Hole Oceanographic Insti- 

 tution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, 19 pp. 



Gifford, James E. 1975: Cruise Report, Knorr 26. Tech. Rep. 

 WHOI-74-104, 41 pp. 



Kroll, J. D., S. R. Gegg, and R. C. Groman. 1975: Cruise 

 data report, RV Chain, Cruise 115, leg 7, Tech. Rep. 

 WHOI-75-35, 4 pp. text, 2 pp. tables, 7 pp. figures. 



McCullough, J. R. 1975: Vector-averaging current meter and 

 speed calibration and recording technique. Tech. Rep. 

 WHOI-75-44, 32 pp. 



Olbers, Dirk Jurgen. 1974: On the energy balance of small- 

 scale internal waves in the deep-sea. Hamburger Geo- 

 physikalische Einzelschriften, Hamburg, G.M.L. Witten- 

 born Sohne 2 Hamburg 13, 91 pp. 



North Pacific Experiment (NORPAX) 



The long-term objective of NORPAX is to understand 

 fluctuations in the upper layers of the North Pacific Ocean 

 and their relation to the overlying and adjoining atmosphere. 

 These fluctuations have time scales of months to years and a 

 space scale in excess of 1,000 km. Achievement of this goal 

 should lead to improved prediction of weather and climate 

 for the northeast Pacific Ocean and North America. NORPAX 

 is jointly sponsored by IDOE and the Office of Naval Research. 

 Principal investigators and projects are listed in table 7. 



NORPAX is working to attain its long-range objective 

 through analysis of historical data, experiments to identify and 

 understand important processes, monitoring of low-frequency 

 fluctuations, and integration of observations with theoretical 

 studies. NORPAX experiments in the past year include El Nifio 

 watch and the TRANSPAC project. 



El Nino Watch 



To describe the occurrence of the El Nifio, and its de- 

 velopment with time, the ocean off western South America 

 to 95°W and from 14°S to 2°N was surveyed during mid- 

 February through March and mid-April through May 1975 

 (figs. 4 and 5). The University of Hawaii research vessel 

 MoANA Wave was used to obtain vertical profiles of tempera- 

 ture and salinity to a depth of 500 m at stations 60 nmi apart; 

 XBT temperature profiles at 20-nmi intervals; and hydrographic 

 stations at 1 20-nmi intervals, including botde casts for oxygen 

 and nutrients. In addition, zooplankton and phytoplankton 

 samples were obtained, and primary productivity and chloro- 

 phyll-A were measured. Twice-daily upper air observations 

 were collected by a U.S. Navy team using radiosondes, and 

 surface meteorological observations were recorded at 2-hour 

 intervals. Personnel aboard the RV Moana Wave represented 

 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 

 Duke University, University of Washington, Instituto del Mar 

 del Peru, Instituto Oceanografico de Ecuador, and the U.S. 

 Navy. 



During the first cruise southeast trade winds were extremely 

 weak north of 10°S. In the ocean, warm, low-salinity water 

 was observed to transgress south across the Equator to 5°S 

 (fig. 6a). Although weak upwelling was still present along the 

 coast of northern Peru, cool water was not advected northwest 

 from this upwelling region as in normal years. The warm 



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