May 1976 (MAM 76). July-November 1976 (JASON 76), 

 and March-May 1977 (MAM 77). Observations will be made 

 from seven U.S. research vessels, Peruvian research vessels, air- 

 craft, moored current meters, coastal meteorological stations, 

 and satellites. The conceptual framework includes four areas of 

 investigation: 1) physical mcsoscale studies; 2) frontal studies; 

 3) biological mcsoscale studies of anchoveta and the upwelling 

 ecosystem; and 4) biological mcsoscale studies of the circula- 

 tion and phytoplankton processes. 



At the beginning of the CUEA program in 1972, the 

 Peruvian upwelling region was selected as the site for JOINT-II. 

 This selection now appears appropriate for the following 

 reasons: 



1. Concepts have been developed concerning processes that 

 enhance the biological productivity otf Peru as opposed to the 

 other major upwelling regions of the world. These can now be 

 tested. 



2. The Peruvian research institutions — Institute del Mar del 

 Peru (IMARPE), National Meteorological and Hydrological 

 Service (SENAMHI), Naval Hydrographic and Navigational 

 Directorate (DHNM), Peruvian Geophysical Institution (IGP) 

 — have initiated a program titled "A Study of the Coastal Up- 

 welling System Off Peru." The Peruvian program includes the 

 entire upwelling region along the Peru coast and detailed studies 

 in four important anchoveta fishery regions. These studies will 

 complement the intensive mcsoscale studies of CUEA in 

 JOINT-II. 



30' 



40" 



20° 



0° 



22 

 00' 



30' 



21 

 00' 



35' 



"^""D^ 



1 I 



lOOfm 



182.9m 



— n — 



30fm 



54.9 m 



Cabo Barbas 



20° Oo 



\ 



-*Lat 21° 42.2 

 Long 18° 09. 



Lat 21° 02'N 

 'Long 18° 19. 



18" 



Figure 20. — JOINT-I area and station locations for RV 

 ATLANTIS II cruise 82. 



22°00' 



21°30' 



21°00' 



N 



18°00' 



17°30' 



17°00'W 



Figure 21. — JOINT-I area showing locations of current meter 

 arrays (circles), meteorological towers (triangles), and 

 productivity and hydrography stations (squares) on latitude 

 21° 40' line. 



3. Institute del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) will participate in 

 the scientific program of JOINT-II through collaboration of 

 IMPARPE scientists with various CUEA components; by con- 

 tributing one complete scientific component (Component 19, 

 Zooplankton Fields); and by contributing the use of IM.ARPE 

 space, facilities, and services for the JOINT-II investigation. 

 This collaboration will make it possible to compare the complex 

 IMARPE fish stock models with CUEA ecosystem models. 

 IMARPE and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the 

 United Nations have developed an assessment and prediction 

 system using five independent determinations of abundance and 

 catch. This program provides monthly predictions of anchoveta 

 stocks. The opportunity exists to apply both IM.'XRPE and 

 CUEA capabilities into a tool for understanding and managing 

 the protein resources of upwelling regions. In June 1975, a 

 formal agreement was reached between CUEA and IMARPE 

 on the areas of participation and collaboration. 



4. The Latin American Countries along the Pacific Coast have 

 initiated a study entitled "Estudio Regional del Fenomeno El 

 Nino" (ERFEN). This program will monitor the oceanic and 

 atmospheric environment from about ION to 35 "S and extend- 

 ing west 500 km from South America. It will document the 

 large-scale climatic and oceanographic features within the 

 JOINT-II study area. JOINT-II results will increase our under- 

 standing of the El Nifio phenomenon by identifying mcsoscale 

 processes that are driven by the large-scale disturbance and 

 which cause the productivity of the region to collapse. 



43 



