In the 5 ppb bag, dinoflagellates predominated after the 

 first upwelling. The second upwelling stimulated an increase in 

 centrate diatoms, not seen in the other two bags. It is possible 

 that after the initial decimation of copepods and the subsequent 

 recovery of small copepods in this bag, there was a lack of 

 grazing pressure on the diatoms. 



The Hydrocarbon III experiment, also run during summer 

 1976, involved the addition of aromatic hydrocarbons (naph- 

 thalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2,3-dimethylnaphthalene, and 

 deuterated benz( a) anthracene) in a small bag experiment. 



The results showed that diatoms declined rapidly during 

 the first 2 weeks in both the control and treated bag, and were 

 rapidly replaced by a dominant dinoflagellate {Gyrodinium 

 spp. ). Although there were significant enhancements in the 

 basic photosynthesis-related metabolism of the phytoplankton, 

 there were no significant effects on total phytoplankton biomass 

 other than those of grazing pressure and sinking rates. Possibly, 

 the concentration of naphthalene was not high enough to pro- 

 duce significant stimulation of large chain forming diatoms. 



The large bag experiments show that pollutant effects 

 may not necessarily be detected unless they are catastrophic. 

 Also, the results obtained are specific to a particular geo- 

 graphic area and the organisms which occur in that area. They 

 cannot be generalized for all environments. Finally, results can 

 be altered by manipulating either end of the food chain, i.e., 

 by stressing with pollutants at the lower level or removing 

 predators at the higher level. 



Efforts are being made to separate the effects caused by 

 changes in grazing pressure and predatory stress on grazers. 

 At present, the effects of pollutants on benthic organisms are 

 not being investigated in the CEPEX program. 



The spring 1977 issue of the Bulletin of Marine Science 

 is devoted entirely to CEPEX papers. 



Biological Effects and CEPEX Bibliography 



Booth, C. R. 1976. The design and evaluation of a measure- 

 ment system for photosynthetically active quantum scalar 

 irradiance. Limn. & Oc. 21:326-336. 



Calder, J. A., and J. H. Lader. 1976. Effect of dissolved aro- 

 matic hydrocarbons on the growth of marine bacteria in 

 batch culture. Applied and Envir. Microbiol. 32:95-101. 



Chow, T. J. 1976. Barium in Southern California waters: A 

 potential indicator of marine drilling contamination. Sci. 

 93:57-58. 



Chow, T. J., B. Snyder, H. G. Snyder, and J. L. Earl. 1976. 

 Lead content of some marine organisms. J. Environ. Sci. 

 Health. In: Environmental Science Engineers, A 11 (1), 

 p. 33-44. 



Chow, T. J., H. G. Snyder, and C. B. Snyder. 1976. Mussels 

 (Mytilus sp.) as an indicator of lead pollution. Sci. Total 

 Envir. 6:55-63. 



Eaganhouse, R. P., and J. A. Calder. 1976. The solubility of 

 medium molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons and the 

 effects of hydrocarbon cosolutes and salinity. Geochimica 

 and Cosmochimica 40:555-561. 



Giam, C. -S., H. S. Chan, T. F. Hammargren, and G. S. Neff. 

 1976. Confirmation of phthalate esters from environmental 

 samples by derivatization. Anal. Chem. 48:78-80. 



Giam, C. S., H. S. Chan, and G. S. Neff. 1975. Rapid and in- 

 expensive method for detection of polychlorinated bi- 

 phenyls and phthalates in air. Anal. Chem. 47:2319- 

 2320. 



Giam, C. S., H. S. Chan, and G. S. Neff. 1975. Sensitive 

 method for determination of phthalate ester plasticizers 

 in open-ocean biota samples. Anal. Chem. 47:2225-2229. 



Green, F. A., Jr., J. W. Anderson, S. R. Petrocelli, B. J. Pres- 

 ley, and R. Sims. 1976. Effect of mercury on survival 

 respiration, and growth of postlarval white shrimp, 

 Penaeus setiferus. Mar. Biol. 37:75-81. 



Iliffe, T. M., and J. A. Calder. 1974. Dissolved hydrocarbons 

 in the eastern Gulf of Mexico Loop Current and the Carib- 

 bean Sea. Deep-Sea Res. 21:481-488. 



Lee, R. F. 1977. Fate of petroleum components in estuarine 

 waters of the southeastern United States. Proceedings 

 1977 Oil Spill Conf. March 8-10, 1977, New Orleans, 

 Am. Petr. Inst., EPA, U. S. Coast Guard, p. 611-616. 



Lee, R. F., M. Takahashi, J. R. Beers, W. H. Thomas, D. L. 

 Seibert, P. Koeller, and D. R. Green. 1976. Controlled 

 ecosystems: their use in the study of the effects of petro- 

 leum hydrocarbons on plankton. In: F. John Vernberg 

 et al.. Physiological responses of Marine biota to pollu- 

 tants, Acad. Press. N. Y., p. 323-342. 



Lee, R. F. 1976. Metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbons in 

 marine sediments. Proceedings of the Symposium: Sources, 

 Effects, & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Envi- 

 ronment, Wash., D. C, Aug. 9-11, p. 334-344. 



Lee, R. F. 1976. Monitoring of petroleum hydrocarbons. In: 

 Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environment Research, 

 Part 2 — Guidelines for the Use of Biological Accumu- 

 lators in Marine Pollution Monitoring. J. E. Portman 

 (editor). FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. No. 150, p. 38-47. 



Lee, R. F., C. Ryan, and M. L. Neuhauser. 1976. Fate of 

 petroleum hydrocarbons taken up from food and water 

 by the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Mar. Biol. 37: 

 363-370. 



Lee, R. F., and C. Ryan. 1976. Biodegradation of petroleum 

 hydrocarbons by marine microbes. In: Proceedings of the 

 Third International Biodegradation Symposium, J. M. 

 Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan, (editors). Applied Science 

 Publishers, London, p. 119-125. 



Parker, P. L., and D. Menzel. 1974. Effects of pollutants on 

 marine organisms. Deliberations and recommendations of 

 the NSF IDOE. Effects of Pollutants on Marine Or- 

 ganisms Workshop, Sidney, B. C, Can. Aug. 11-14, 1974, 

 46 p. 



Parsons, T. R., W. K. W. Li, and R. Waters. 1976. Some 

 preliminary observations on the enhancement of 

 phytoplankton growth by low levels of mineral hydro- 

 carbons. Hydrobiologia 51: 85-89. W. Junk, Publishers, 

 The Hague, The Netherlands. 



Phleger, C. F., J. Patton, P. Grimes, and R. F. Lee. 1976. 

 Fish-bone oil; percent total body lipid and carbon- 14 

 uptake following feeding of l'*C-Palmitic acid. Mar. Biol. 

 35: 85-90. 



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