Table 11.— U.S. institutions, investigators, and projects in ISOS 



Institutions 



Investigators 



Projects 



Columbia University 



Nova University 

 Oregon State University 



University of Southern California 



Texas A&M University 



University of Wasliington 



Woods Hole Oceanograpinic Institution 



D. Giorgi 

 A. Gordon 

 M. Spillane 

 J. Allen 



L. Gordon 



V. Neal 



R. Pillsbury and 

 H. Bryden 



T. Maxworthy and 

 T. Spence 



W. Emery 



W. D. Nowlin 



W. D. Nowlin 



D.J. Baker 



D. J. Baker and 

 R. Wearn 



R. Wearn 



T. Joyce 



M. McCartney 



Circulation of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean 



Southern Ocean Atlas 



Quasi-Geostrophic Zonal Jets 



Theoretical Studies of Time- Dependent Flow in the 

 Vicinity of Drake Passage 



Chemical Observations and Interrelationships in the 

 Southern Ocean 



International Coordination 



Study of the Long-Term Variability of the Antarctic 

 Circumpolar Current in the Drake Passage 



Laboratory Modeling Studies of the Antarctic Cir- 

 cumpolar Current 



A Study of the Thermal Structure South of Australia 



Central Administration, Coordination, and Planning 



Chemical and Physical Oceanography of the Ant- 

 arctic Circumpolar Current and Frontal Zones: I. 

 Observations in the Drake Passage and Scotia Sea 



Coordination of Monitoring Activities and Liaison 

 With the Polar Experiment of the Global Atmos- 

 pheric Research Program 



Measurements of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current 

 and Analysis of Existing Tidal and Meteorological 

 Data 



Study of the Density Structure and Variability in 

 the Drake Passage Using Data Collected Aboard 

 ARA ISLAS ORCADAS 



Dynamical Observations at the Antarctic Polar Front 



Theoretical Modeling of Current-Bottom Topography 

 Interactions in the Southern Ocean 



cm/s during the short-term experiment and 2.0 cm/s dur- 

 ing the long-term experiment. The mean 14-day averaged 

 flow varies from -2.2 ("westward") to 4-4.8 ("eastward") 

 cm/s over the measurement period of a year. In terms of 

 errors, only two of these mean flows are significantly nonzero 

 at a 95 percent confidence level. Both of the significant mean 

 flows are "eastward." 



It was hoped that the year-long averaged currents would be 

 larger than their errors because of temporal variability and 

 would exhibit less spatial variability than observed in the 

 short-term experiment. Record-length mean velocities for the 

 long-term experiment are generally larger than their standard 

 errors because of temporal variability. Thus, the long-term 

 measurements define mean velocities at the mooring sites. 

 There is, however, a good deal of spatial variabihty shown in 



the long-term means. Estimates of the yearly averaged mean 

 velocity at 2,750 m in the Drake Passage is 1.5 cm 's with a 

 standard error owing to spatial variability in the long-term 

 means of 1.1 cm/s. 



To convert estimated velocities to transport, the fact was 

 used that a down-channel flow of 1 cm/s over the entire 

 width and depth of the Drake Passage is equal to a transport 

 of water through the Passage of 25 Sv. With a constant baro- 

 clinic transport relative to 2,750 m depth, the variation in 

 total transport because of observed temporal changes in the 

 14-day averaged mean flow is 175 Sv, which agrees with the 

 variation of 130 Sv suggested by sea-level variations. 



Because of the spatial variability in the observed currents, 

 efforts to monitor the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar 

 Current by directly measuring current at 2,700 m must involve 



31 



