Table 12.-CLIIVIAP Scientists 



Executive Committee 



R. Cline, Columbia University (Administrator) 



G. Denton, University of Maine 



J. Hays, Columbia University 



R. Heath, University of Rliode Island 



J. Imbrie, Brown University 



Senior Scientific Investigators 



A. Mclntyre, Columbia University 

 T. Moore, University of Rhode Island 

 W. Prell, Brown University 

 W. Ruddiman, Columbia University 

 J. Thiede, Oregon State University 



Brown University.- W. Hutson, N. Kipp, R. Matthews, T. Webb, D. Williams 



Columbia University: A. Be, P. Biscaye, W. Broecker, L. Burckle, K. Geitzenauer, V. Kolla, G. Kukla, Y. H. Li, B. Molfino, 



N. Opdyke, T. Saito, S. Streeter, P. Thompson 



University of Maine: T. Hughes, W. Karlen, T. Kellogg 



Oregon State University: L. Hogan 



Princeton University: H. Sachs 



University of Rhode Island: P. Dauphin 



National Corresponding Members 



W. Balsam, Southampton College 



R. Barry, Univ. of Colorado 



M. Bender, Univ. of Rhode Island 



M. Briskin, Univ. of Cincinnati 



K. Bryan, GFDL NOAA 



H. Fritts, Univ. of Arizona 



J. Gardner, USGS 



W. Gates, RAND Corporation 



L. Heusser, Tuxedo, NY 



J. Kennett, Univ. of Rhode Island 



R. Ku, Univ. of Southern California 



J. Kutzbach, Univ. of Wisconsin 



S. Manabe, GFDL NOAA 



R. Newell, MIT 



D. Schnitker, Univ. of Maine 



H. Thierstein, Scripps Inst, of Oceanography 



International Corresponding Members 



B. Andersen, Univ. i Bergen 



A. Berger, Univ. Cath. de Louvain 

 K. Bj0rklund, Univ. i Bergen 



W. Dansgaard, Univ. of Copenhagen 



J. Duplessy, Centre des Faibles Radioactivites 



H. Lamb, Univ. of East Anglia 



J. Lozano, Univ. Nacional de Colombia 



B. Luz, Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem 



M. Sarnthein, Geol. Palaont. Inst. Kiel 

 H. Schrader, Geol. Palaont. Inst., Kiel 

 N. Shackleton, Univ. of Cambridge 

 E. Siebold, Geol. Palaont. Inst., Kiel 

 T. van der Hammen, Univ. van Amsterdam 

 T. Wjimstra, Univ. van Amsterdam 



years ago) indicate that at times the rate of movement can 

 average in excess of 1 km/year over several thousand years. 

 Thus, a major change in climate from a full-glacial state to an 

 average interglacial configuration can occur in less than 3,000 

 years. 



4. Polar studies in both hemispheres have shown that sig- 

 nificant portions of ice age sheets were grounded below sea 

 level. Compared to ice sheets on land, these marine ice sheets 

 are relatively unstable. During the last ice age, the Antarctic 

 ice sheet was considerably expanded from its present condition, 

 mostly in the West Antarctic. Since then, the marine ice sheet 

 there has receded slowly. During the last interglacial interval, 

 about 125,000 years ago, this portion of the Antarctic ice 

 sheet collapsed completely. 



5. CLIMAP's synoptic reconstruction of the surface of the 

 ice age world, 18,000 years ago, has been significantly im- 

 proved by increasing the number and accuracy of the control 

 points. In addition, reconstruction for average August and 

 February conditions have been completed. 



Future Activities. Future CLIMAP research plans in- 

 clude: 



1. Numerical simulation of the ice age atmosphere by sev- 

 eral general circulation models. Plans call for simulation ex- 

 periments to be made by: W. L. Gates, Oregon State Univer- 

 sity; the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton; 

 The National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, 

 Colorado; the Institute of Oceanology, Moscow; and members 

 of the NORPAX project. 



2. Detailed investigations of the dynamics of climate change 

 immediately before, during, and after the last interglacial 

 period before the present (circa 125,000 years ago). 



3. Investigations of the frequencies of climatic changes as 

 recorded in long deep-sea cores selected from all major oceans. 

 Of particular interest in these studies will be a study of the 

 timing of the response of various parts of the climate system 

 during major regime changes: surface waters of the ocean, 

 deep waters of the ocean, atmosphere, and ice sheets. In par- 

 ticular, it is important to find out what part of the global climate 

 system responds first to changes in orbital geometry. This in- 

 formation will give valuable clues to the mechanism (now 

 unknown) by which orbital variations influence climate. 



39 



