90N 



70N-' 



50N 



SON 



10N 



10S 



30S 



505 



70S 



90S 





• •..«.-•.■■ 



■t/'CT.''.- • - 





lllllUhllS'O ^97pl"a ^^ 28.3 """"' 

 ;^\j^i;jiJ ( l-t-^ ^-28-'' / 





180 150W 120W 90W 60W 



SOW 



30E 



60E 90E 120E 150E 180 



Figure 23, — Ice age (18,000 years ago) surface boundary conditions as assembled by CLIMAP for August. The sea-surface 

 temperature is in degrees Celsius and the ice age land outline is that resolved on a global grid 4" in latitude by 5° 

 longitude. The symbols "S" and "I" within the shaded areas denote the assigned locations of sea ice and ice sheets 

 (including snow-covered land), respectively. 



Figure 24. — The orbital diagram (G. Kukla, Lamont-Doherty 

 Geological Observatory, Palisades, N.Y.) symbolizes research 

 conclusions that variations in the Earth's orbit are the 

 fundamental cause of the succession of late Pleistocene 

 ice ages. 



CLIMAP Data 



CLIMAP Data are available from NGDSC as follows: 



Paleontological and geochemical data are available for 



the 635 core locations indicated in figure 26. Paleontological 



data include counts of 51 species of diatoms, 44 species of 



planktonic foraminifera, 21 species of radiolaria, and 68 species 



of coccoliths. Geochemical data include percentages of opal, 

 quartz, carbonate, and organic carbon. Percentages of opal 

 and quartz were determined by X-ray diffraction, and carbon 

 analyses were performed on a "Leco" Induction Furnace. A 

 breakdown of the available data appears below: 



In addition, each data record contains the following in- 

 formation : 



1) Ship-cruise-core number 



2) Latitude, longitude, and water depth 



3) Core type, length, and sample depth within a core. 

 The CLIMAP data set is available on 7- or 9-track coded 



magnedc tape, at any compatible density, with a logical record 

 length of 80 characters, blocked (5120 characters or less) or 

 unblocked. Documentation and format of the data are pro- 

 vided in print form and also appear in text form at the begin- 

 ning of the tape. 



CLIMAP Bibliography 



Papers cited below include only research directly funded 

 by IDOE. Many significant contributions by national and in- 

 ternational corresponding members not cited below were 

 funded elsewhere, but were based substantially or in part on 

 CLIMAP results. 



41 



