169 



Dr. Ballard? 



Dr. Ballard. Relative to the law of the sea and from a perspec- 

 tive that probably you're not even thinking about, but in my testi- 

 mony, I made mention to how our exploration in the deep sea is 

 discovering a tremendous amount of human history that is pre- 

 served in a state of high preservation, much more preserved than 

 one could imagine. 



When we went to Guadalcanal, for example, and found the war- 

 ships of that great historic battle, they still have their camouflage 

 paint. And when we found the BISMARCK, it still has the swas- 

 tika on the bow. 



One of the problems you have is there's absolutely no law right 

 now to protect ancient history beyond 12 miles, which is most of 

 the world. 



And so, one of the concerns I have, as you know, when we found 

 the TITANIC, we tried to protect it. We came to the Congress. The 

 Congress and the Senate passed the TITANIC Memorial Act of 

 1986, which President Reagan signed into lav/. 



It had absolutely no effect on preserving that ship from other 

 countries that went out and then completely tore it apart, and are 

 continuing to tear it apart. 



The only way we can protect historic sites, this summer, working 

 with the Navy, we discovered a Roman fleet in the high seas. 

 There's absolutely no protection of that archeological site, other 

 than to not tell anyone about it, which is quite a difficult thing for 

 a scientist to not be able to publish their result. 



So I would encourage you to have an ear for future legislation 

 that deals with the law of the sea as it relates to human history 

 as well as natural resources, because I can tell you that it's an in- 

 credible amount of history, more so than I ever imagined. 



Mr. Kennedy. I just want to add, on the economic interests in- 

 volved here, you have one-fourth of the world's oil production off- 

 shore. You have one-fifth of the world's protein come from foodstuff. 



So if you're looking at food and you're looking at energy, these 

 are two major commodities that the world populations can depend 

 on. If you don't have a means to resolve a conflict of those economic 

 interests through an international law of the seas, that's where I 

 think we're really going to need to — and when I'm talking about 

 getting scientists to understand how they interrelate, it's precisely 

 for the reason that was mentioned by one of my colleagues m terms 

 of being able to elucidate it so it can be useful as a management 

 tool to local planners, so that we understand what the impact of 

 one decision is on another. 



In Rhode Island, we had the worst air quality standards in the 

 nation. A large part of it was because the wind was blowing up 

 from some of my colleagues' states down south of us. 



[Laughter.] 



It's a perfect example. We need to know the interrelation. We 

 had to study the difference between stationary sources of pollution 

 through factories and mobile sources through automobiles. 



There is such a reliance on sharing information here, that we 

 can't be doing these things in a vacuum, which is the whole reason 

 we're discussing this, is how do we bring everyone into the same 

 fold. 



