224 



We have also aligned ourselves with U Mass-Dartmouth, Harvard University, NUWC and 

 industry to address problems of the important semi-enclosed bays of this region such as Cape 

 Cod, Buzzards, and Narragansett Bays, as well as the New York Bight and Gulf of Maine 

 These bays feel tremendous pressures from neighboring human populations, both for recreation 

 and for income. (In fact, we are experiencing a vivid example of this pressure with a major oil 

 spill that has just occurred in the southern reaches of Narragansett Bay.) These are problems that 

 are regional in nature and require regional study and solutions Lessons learned in one regime are 

 transportable to the others. We bring to the table very high quality science with years of 

 experience, collecting and interpreting data from such environments. 



Although emphasis at our Institution is placed on fijndamental understanding and 

 development, we are very proud of our historical record of addressing our nation's practical 

 needs Early work involved studying the New England fisheries and that work continues to today 

 with renewed urgency in the face of the crisis in fisheries in the region. I will say more shortly 

 about fisheries 



First, I would like to say some words about Woods Hole's historical partnership with the 

 U.S Navy. This is a story of which we are very proud During World War FI, the Institution 

 became a major player in aiding the Navy's research and development. 



• We worked closely with the Na\7 to develop sensors that could be used in 

 submarine warfare as tactical aids for avoiding or breaking detection while 

 optimizing our own sensor/sonar performance. Further, we helped the anti- 

 submarine warfare developers explain the confounding "afternoon effect" that 

 severely limited surface ship sonars. 



• World War II research also included seminal research in long-range acoustic 

 propagation, marine fouling studies — essential to ship maintenance as well as to 

 mine warfare; and our work in underwater explosives We "wrote the book" on 

 underwater explosives' effects that is still a primary reference today 



• These contributions to the nation's defense efforts continued through to the Cold 

 War and up to today We contributed heavily to the early stages of the Navy 

 ocean surveillance system (SOSUS) and to the concept of submarine launched 

 ballistic missiles Our researchers anticipated by 3 decades the need for and 

 feasibility of long range low frequency active surA'eillance systems The 

 fijndamental knowledge of the oceans and ocean technology contributed in a major 

 way to the successful ASW efforts in the face of the huge submarine threat 

 mounted by the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact during the Cold War 



• Woods Hole has played a key role in the development of oceanographic research 

 platforms and instruments The deep diving submarine Alvin is a prime example 

 A/\'iii was the first successful attempt to give us routine access to the abyss 

 Continually updated over the years, A/vin continues to be the most effective and 

 efficient manned submersible today We are proud to operate this facility for the 



