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Contents 



SUMMARY 1 



Oceanography and Society, 2 

 Maintaining Excellence, 5 

 Future of Oceanographic Science, 5 

 Conduct of Oceanographic Science, 7 

 Toward New Partnerships, 8 



1 INTRODUCTION 14 



Importance of the Ocean to Society, 14 



Maintaining Excellence, i 7 



U.S. Oceanography Since World War II, 18 



U.S. Style of Large Program Management, 20 



Oceanographic Research, National and International, 21 



This Report, 22 



2 TOWARD NEW PARTNERSHIPS IN OCEAN SCIENCES 24 



General Partnership Themes, 26 

 Specific Partnerships, 30 



3 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN OCEAN SCIENCES 47 



Science of Oceanography, 47 

 Directions for Physical Oceanography, 52 

 Directions for Marine Geochemistry, 64 

 Directions for Marine Geology and Geophysics, 77 

 Directions for Biological Oceanography, 94 

 Directions for Coastal Ocean Processes, 107 



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