466 



128 



OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE NEXT DECADE 



For this study, the Ocean Studies Board (OSB) sent questionnaires 

 to 52 oceanographic institutions, research laboratories, and aca- 

 demic members of the Council on Ocean Affairs, and to 8 federal 

 agencies to assess the supply and demand within the academic 

 and federal sectors. Responses were received from 40 academic 

 institutions, including all the large academic programs and re- 

 search institutions, and from 7 federal agencies (Appendixes VI 

 and VII). Of the 40 institutions employing oceanographers in 

 1990, only 29 had employed oceanographers in 1970. 



Replies to the OSB questionnaire indicated that the number of 

 academic oceanographers increased from 540 in 1970 to 1,674 in 

 1990 (Figure 4-7). These include both teaching faculty and re- 

 search faculty. It should be noted that some of the growth in the 

 1980-1990 period for academic oceanographers was due to the 

 inclusion of 378 faculty members from two newly created units, 

 at the University of Hawaii (UH) and the University of Washing- 

 ton (UW), that had not been included in the totals before 1990. 

 At the same time, the number of Ph.D. oceanographers in federal 

 agencies rose from 148 to 516. The annual rates of increase (per- 

 cent) were 



Academic 



I I Federal 



Total 



55 2,500 



S^ 2,000 



1,500 



Q 1 ,000 



500 



FIGURE 4-7 Ph.D. -level federal and academic oceanographers (OSB sur- 

 vey). 



