471 



HUMAN. PHYSICAL, AND FISCAL RESOURCES 



m 



federally employed oceanographers, the percentage of biologists 

 has declined markedly, and the percentages of specialists in physi- 

 cal oceanography and marine geology and geophysics have increased 

 (Table 4-2). The percentage of biologists in the federal govern- 

 ment is considerably higher than in academia. 



NSF, ONR, and fOI Institutional Data 



The }OI members are 10 of the country's largest oceanographic 

 institutions. In the most recent year for which data are available 

 (fiscal year 1991), the JOI schools received 45 percent of the NSF 

 Ocean Science Research Section funding and 42 percent of ONR 

 funding (SE31 and SE32). 



Figure 4-12 shows the percentage of faculty at JOI member 

 institutions related to the total number of oceanography faculty, 

 excluding data for the University of Washington and the Univer- 

 sity of Hawaii. In general, the percentage of the total oceanogra- 

 phy faculty located in JOI institutions has not changed over time, 

 although the percentage of marine engineers at JOI institutions 

 may have increased, and biologists and chemists may have de- 

 creased (Figure 4-12). .The JOI institutions, where the large ships 

 are concentrated, still tend to dominate the field in the disci- 

 plines that require large ships, such as marine geology and geo- 



B.O./M.B. [2C.0./M.C. ^MGandG [2 P.O. M O.E. ^ Total 



1970 



1975 



1980 



1985 



1990 



Year 



FIGURE 4-12 Percentage of oceanography staff at JOI institutions (OSB 

 survey). 



