472 



134 OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE NEXT DECADE 



HaO//W.a [JC.O/M.C. ll^MGandG \Z\ PO. ^ O.E. ^ Total 



1970 



1975 



1980 



Year 



1985 



1990 



FIGURE 4-13 Percentage of oceanography staff at Scripps Institution of 

 Oceanography and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (OSB survey). 



physics and physical oceanography. This statement is less true 

 for the biological sciences. If the same comparison is made for 

 just Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) and Woods Hole 

 Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the two largest oceanographic 

 institutions, their combined dominance in terms of percentage of 

 faculty has decreased steadily over the past 20 years (Figure 4-13), 

 except in marine engineering. So although the percentage of total 

 oceanography faculty at the two largest oceanographic institu- 

 tions has decreased over the past two decades, the percentage of 

 total oceanography faculty at the ten largest has remained about 

 the same. 



}OI provided information on its institutions' students, gradu- 

 ates, and faculty. The number of ocean science doctorates awarded 

 annually at JOI institutions increased from 90 in 1970 to 126 in 

 1991 (Figure 4-14). The major change is the large increase in the 

 number of women earning doctorates in the ocean sciences, up 

 from 10 percent in 1980 to almost 30 percent in 1991. The num- 

 ber of foreign students earning doctorates is also about 30 per- 

 cent; 2.5 percent of JOI students are underrepresented minorities. 



The median age of oceanographers who received NSF grants 

 increased from 40 in 1977 to 45 in 1990. The median age of JOI 

 faculty was 44 years in 1990 (Figure 4-15). 



