*The C in the cruise number indicates Ocean Station CHARLIE. The number is the occupation number. 

 **No salinity data. 



Data (STD) taken by the HAMILTON were 

 relayed directly to Fleet Weather Center, Nor- 

 folk, Va. for use in forecasting synoptic oceanic 

 conditions. In addition, all the data were re- 

 turned to the Coast Guard Oceanographic Unit 

 for quality control prior to submission to the 

 National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). 

 The interpolated temperatures and salinities for 

 standard depths, sigma-t values, specific volume 

 anomalies, and sound velocities were computed 

 by NODC and are presented in Appendix A. 



Analysis of the oceanographic data was based 

 on the distribution of temperature versus depth 

 (figs. 11-20) and salinity versus depth (figs. 

 21-29). Temperature-salinity curves for all sta- 

 tions deeper than 1500 meters are shown in 

 figure 30. The method of salinity anomalies 

 from Helland-Hansen and Nansen (1926) was 

 applied to the data for analysis of the presence 

 of Subarctic Intermediate Water. 



INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 



Temperature and Salinity Distrihutions 



The maximum temperatures, which ranged 

 from 11.80° C. to 12.20° C, occurred at the sur- 

 face during August 1967 (fig. 14). The iso- 

 thermal layer reached its greatest depth of about 

 200 meters in February and March 1968 (fig. 19) 

 as a result of increased mixing due to wind and 

 low surface temperatures. 



The minimum salinities, which ranged from 

 34.67°/oo to 34.81 °/o„, occurred near the surface 

 during; January 1968 (fig. 28). Although the 



range of the salinity minimum varied, there was 

 a constant renewal of low salinity water at the 

 surface during the year. (This low salinity in- 

 trusion will be discussed under Subarctic Inter- 

 mediate Water.) The salinity maximum of 

 35.10%o occurred in July 1967 at a depth of 

 about 200 meters (fig. 23). 



Labrador Sea Water (LS) and Northeast At- 

 lantic Deep Water (NEAD) 



Temperature-salinity plots (potential tempera- 

 ture was used for temperatures below 4° C) 

 were constructed for all seven deep casts at 

 Ocean Station CHARLIE (fig. 30). The points 

 characteristic of the deep water masses in the 

 area of Ocean Station CHARLIE are indicated 

 on the T-S plots. These deep water masses and 

 their acronyms are listed in Table 2 along with 

 the scientists who defined them. Hereafter the 

 acronyms in Table 2 will be used. 



The most striking features of these deep T-S 

 relationships are the salinity minimum at about 

 1000 meters depth and the increasing salinity 

 values below 1000 meters. The salinity minimum 

 is the result of the influence of LS. The increasing 

 salinities below 1000 meters tend toward water 

 of NEAD origin. According to Lee and Ellett 

 (1967), NEAD is Scotland-Iceland overflow 

 from the Norwegian Sea while NWAB is Green- 

 land-Iceland overflow from the Norwegian Sea. 

 They further theorized that NAD was formed 

 by the mixing of NEAD with NWAB. Note 

 that no NWAB or NAD is indicated by the T-S 

 diagrams. It appears that Ocean Station CHAR- 



