sampling program usually consists of four hy- 

 drocasts to 850 meters on station with a four 

 hour soak time. Also, a sampling "fish" is 

 towed two hours per day while enroute port at 

 normal cruising speed. This research is spon- 

 sored by the Atomic Energy Commission and is 

 being conducted under the direction of Dr. T. 

 R. Folsom. 



(3) Environmental Sampling — (U.S. Naval 

 Radiological Defense Laboratory, San Fran- 

 cisco, California) 



Since September 1965 various Ocean Station 

 Vessels have collected rainwater samples and a 

 surface sea water sample for analysis of fall- 

 out distribution. 



(4) Carbon Dioxide Equalization Observa- 

 tio)is — (University of Washington) 



This program was initiated in spring of 1967 

 and consists of Ocean Station Vessels collect- 

 ing volumes of water for an analysis equili- 

 brating CO, in the atmosphere with CO, in 

 the surface waters of the North Pacific. This 

 research is being sponsored by the National 

 Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Re- 

 search and is being conducted by scientists at 

 the University of Washington. 



DISCUSSION 



To illustrate the temporal or gross seasonal 

 changes in water properties at different levels 

 at Ocean Station NOVEMBER plots of water 

 temperature versus time (figures 14, 15, and 

 16) and salinity versus time (figures 17, 18, 

 and 19) were constructed. The diurnal changes 

 in the surface layers have been effectively 

 eliminated, as the majority of the 195 stations 

 were occupied at the same time each day (2000 

 hours Greenwich Mean Time or 1100 hours 

 Zone Time). The effects of spatial variability 

 are revealed in the plots of the data from the 

 32 stations which were occupied from 60-90 

 miles south of Ocean Station NOVEMBER. 

 These data are indicated in figures 14-19 by 

 the large black dots on the data points. These 

 data reveal that a water mass of significantly 

 warmer temperature and higher salinity was 

 present, at least in the upper 400 meters, just 

 60 miles to the south. 



Figures 14-19 consist of plots of tempera- 

 ture and salinity versus time at the surface 

 and 100, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1500 



meter levels. The salient feature of the tem- 

 perature versus time plots is the marked sea- 

 sonal cycle with a heating period from March 

 to September 1967 and then a cooling period 

 from September 1967 to March 1968. The max- 

 imum surface temperatures were observed in 

 September in the range of 24-25 °C. The sur- 

 face temperature dropped to a minimum of less 

 than 18 °C in March 1968. During the month 

 of November 1967, the surface temperature ap- 

 pears to have dropped nearly 4.0 °C and was 

 the most pronounced change which occurred 

 during the observational period. During the 

 period from December 1967 to January 1968, a 

 convective process raised the 100 meter tem- 

 perature from 17°C to almost 19°C. The 

 convective mixing appears to have been effec- 

 tive to the 400 meter level raising the tempera- 

 ture from about 7.90 °C in December to about 

 8.40°C in January. From January 1968 to 

 March 1968 there was a gradual decrease of 

 temperature at all levels from the surface to 

 400 meters. At the 600 meter level and below 

 there was little change in the temperature 

 structure between March 1967 and March 

 1968. 



The salinity versus time plots (figures 17, 

 18, and 19) reveal a somewhat similar seasonal 

 cycle in the upper 200 meters, however there 

 were anomalous conditions observed during the 

 summer of 1967. Ignoring those stations which 

 were occupied 60-90 miles to the south of 

 Ocean Station NOVEMBER, (those data 

 points with large black dots), the surface sal- 

 inity appears to be increasing from March 

 1967 to June 1967, however there were a series 

 of four stations occupied between 9-14 May at 

 which the salinity showed a very significant 

 decrease (nearly 0.40 "/on). These low salinities 

 were associated with relatively low tempera- 

 tures (17.40° C.) and it appears that there 

 was an influx of a Subarctic type water into 

 the vicinity during this period. The surface 

 salinity reached a maximum of nearly 35.30 "/oo 

 during early June 1967, followed by a sudden, 

 inexplicable decrease in late June. A minimum 

 was observed in the surface salinity in July of 

 about 34.75 "/oo followed by anomalous increases 

 in early August to values approaching 35.40 Voo- 

 After August there appeared to be a trend 



