Table 1.— Summary of oceanographic operations on Ocean Station ECHO, November 1967-December 1968 



Number of casts 

 ' NODC Reference Data Standard 



nSmber' Coast Guard Cutter Dates Shallow Deep No. table sections 



E-7 CASTLE ROCK 11/28-12/11/67 8 31-1181 I None. 



E-8 HUMBOLDT 1/10- 2/ 1/68 23 1 31-1203 II None. 



E-9 ESCANABA 2/29- 3/19/68 18 1 31-1240 III None. 



E-10 MENDOTA 4/12-5/4/68 18 1 31-1262 IV A-6 (31-1262). 



E-11 CASCO 5/ 5- 5/27/68 13 7 31-1248 V None 



E-12 SEBAGO 5/28- 6/19/68 20 2 31-1273 VI A-7 (31-1273). 



E-13 HALF MOON 6/20- 7/12/68 23 4 31-1304 VII A-4 (31-1304) 



E-14 CASTLE ROCK 7/14- 8/ 4/68 20 1 31-1303 VIII A-4 (31-1303). 



E-15 SEBAGO 8/ 5- 8/27/68 23 1 31-1311 IX None. 



E-16 CHASE (STD) 9/ 1- 9/22/68 71 31-8502 X None 



E-17 DALLAS 9/23-10/11/68 19 1 31-1381 XI A-4 (31-1382). 



E-18 YAKUTAT -— 10/12-11/5/68 25 1 31-1383 XII A-5 (31-1384). 



E-19 MCCULLOCH 11/6-11/25/68 16 31-1385 XIII A-6 (31-1386). 



E-20 BOUTWELL (STD) 11/30-12/ 5/68 18 31-8078 XIV None. 



> The letter "E" In the Cruise number indicates data taken at Ocean Station ECHO. The number following the hyphen is the serial num- 

 ber of the occupation. 



ography of Great Britain (1966). The results Chemical Data Form for Oceanographic Sta- 

 were sent to the Coast Guard Oceanographic tions," and delivered to the National Ocean- 

 Unit by radioteletype at intervals of 3-5 days, ographic Data Center (NODC). The mter- 

 An additional water sample was collected from polated temperatures and salinities for standard 

 the top and bottom Nansen bottle of each cast depths, sigma-t values, specific volume ano- 

 for delivery to the Coast Guard Oceanographic malies, and sound velocities were computed by 

 Unit at the end of the patrol for the purpose NODC and are presented in appendix A. 

 of quality control. Ocean station vessels normally maintain their 

 During two patrols on Ocean Station ECHO, position within a 10-mile square grid (centered 

 temperature and salinity data were collected at 35° OO'N, and 48° OO'W for ECHO), opera- 

 using a salinity-temperature-depth sensor sys- tions and weather permitting. Oceanographic 

 tern (STD). The STD was used for the first stations are normally taken inside the 10-mile 

 time on ECHO in September 1968 when a central grid. The positions of all stations taken 

 Bissett-Berman Model 9006 STD system col- outside the central grid during each patrol are 

 lected salinity data to a maximum depth of 300 shown in figures 3-16. 

 m. No temperature data were recorded because INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 

 of failure of the temperature sensor. During 



the November-December 1968 ECHO patrol. The data collected during 14 patrols on Ocean 

 the Model 9040 STD system was utilized for Station ECHO from 28 November 1967 to 5 

 the first time on any ocean station. Problems December 1968 were analyzed to determine if 

 with the salinity sensor resulted in salinity annual cycles of temperature and salinity could 

 data being recorded at only five of the 18 sta- be observed (figs. 44 and 45). Changes in sur- 

 tions occupied. STD data were relayed by each face layer temperature followed a seasonal pat- 

 cutter directly to Fleet Weather Central, Nor- tern, reaching a maximum in midsummer and 

 folk Va for use in forecasting synoptic oceanic a minimum during the colder winter months, 

 conditions. In addition, all data were returned Salinity also varied with the seasons, generally 

 to the Coast Guard Oceanographic Unit for increasing and decreasing in phase with the 

 quality control prior to submission to the Na- temperature. The salinity cycle, however, was 

 tional Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). not as well defined as the temperature cycle. 

 The processed temperature and salinity data The annual temperature cycle at ECHO dur- 

 from all observations were recorded on Form ing the observational period consisted of a 

 NHO/NODC-3167/40(4-66), "Physical and cooling trend in the surface water from Novem- 



