xiv LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIQURB 



29. Stresses acting at the upper and lower surfaces of a body of water 122 



30. Wind current in deep water (the Ekman spiral) 125 



31. Wind current in shallow water 128 



32. Effect of wind in producing a homogeneous surface layer . . . 129 



33. Effect of wind in producing currents parallel to a coast .... 130 



34. Geopotential topography of the sea surface off southern CaU- 



fornia 132 



35. True dimensions of steepest possible wave 137 



36. Record of waves at the end of the Scripps Institution pier . . . 140 



37. Schematic picture of short-crested waves 141 



38. Interference between a long swell and a much shorter wave . . 144 



39. Types of circulation induced in water by different placement of 



warm and cold sources 151 



40. Approximate boundaries of the Upper Water Masses and tem- 



perature-salinity relations of the principal water masses . 158, 159 



41. Temperature profiles across the Gulf Stream and the North 



Atlantic Current 169 



42. Transport of Central and Subarctic Water in the Atlantic Ocean 171 



43. Approximate directions of flow of the Intermediate Water Masses 173 



44. Surface currents of the Norwegian Sea 175 



45. Surface currents of the Labrador Sea 177 



46. Temperature and saUnity in the Strait of Gibraltar 178 



47. Surface and intermediate currents in the Mediterranean. . . . 180 



48. Surface currents in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. . 181 



49. The discontinuity surface in the equatorial region of the Atlantic 182 



50. Vertical circulation within the equatorial region of the Atlantic 184 



51. The discontinuity surface in the equatorial region of the Pacific 193 



52. Temperature, salinity, and computed velocity in a vertical sec- 



tion across the Equator in the Pacific 194 



53. Temperatures and salinities in a vertical section across the 



Kuroshio 199 



54. Surface temperatures along the coast of California 202 



55. Geopotential topography of the sea surface relative to the 1000- 



decibar surface off the American west coast 203 



56. Transport chart of the North Pacific 205 



57. Transport lines around the Antarctic Continent 206 



58. Temperature and salinity in a vertical section from Cape Leeu- 



win, Australia, to the Antarctic Continent 208 



59. Currents, water masses, and distribution of temperature of the 



Antarctic regions 210 



60. Distribution of temperature, salinity, and oxygen in the 



Western Atlantic Ocean 213 



61. Distribution of temperature, salinity, and oxygen in the Pacific 



Ocean 216 



