36 



OBSERVATIONS IN PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY 



stations have been established, some of which are directly engaged in 

 oceanographic problems related to fisheries, whereas others are inde- 

 pendent research institutions. Large vessels such as those used for 

 world-wide expeditions would be far too expensive to operate con- 

 tinuousl}^ from such stations, but Helland-Hansen, of the Geophysical 

 Institute in Bergen, Norway, was convinced that small vessels could be 

 used effectively, and in 1913 he had the 76-foot Armauer Hansen built 

 to conform to his idea. From this small but sturdy craft, both intensive 

 and extensive oceanographic work has been carried out in the North 

 Atlantic, and the vessel has in every respect answered expectations. 

 Following this lead, other establishments have purchased or built small 

 vessels that can be economically operated. 



Every vessel which is fitted out for deep-sea oceanographic work 

 must have adequate winches that are provided with wire ropes for lower- 



Table 5 



