SUBJECT INDEX 



241 



Radiation (cont.): 

 absorption in sea water (see also 

 Radiation, extinction coefficients), 

 27-31, 54-57 

 illustrated, 54, 57 

 table, 56 

 black body, 1 



illustrated, 2 

 effective back, 4, 49, 58-61 

 extinction coefficients in tfie sea, 27-31, 

 54 

 table, 29 

 extinction coefficients of total energy, 

 54, 56, 57 

 table, 56 

 from sun and sky, 49, 51-53 

 annual range, illustrated, 77 

 table, 52 

 from the sun, 3, 51 

 long-wave, definition, 4 

 measurements, 28 

 nocturnal (see also Radiation, effective 



back), 4 

 reflection from earth's surface, 3, 51 

 reflection from ice surface, 34, 60 

 reflection from sea surface, 53, 54 



table, 53 

 scattering, 27-32 

 selective, 2 



selective absorption, 3 

 short-wave, definition, 3 

 solar constant, 3, 51 

 "surface loss," 55 



surplus received by oceans, 60, 228, 229 

 illustrated, 229 

 Red Sea, currents, 188-189 

 Red Sea Water: 

 formation, 84, 157 

 influence on Indian Ocean Deep Water, 



214, 215 

 spreading, 189 

 Refractive index, 8, 9, 17 

 Reynold's stresses, 18, 21, 117 

 Roughness length, 119 



Salinity: 



annual variation at surface, 74 

 average surface values, 71-73 



illustrated (chart 3, following p. 235) 



table, 72 

 definition, 8, 9 

 Sea ice: 



classification, 217, 218 

 freezing and melting, 32 



effect on heat budget, 60, 61 

 in the Antarctic, 217-219 



limits, illustrated, 218 



Sea ice (cont.): 



in the Arctic, 220, 221 



amount influenced by currents, 176 



physical properties, 33, 34 



salinity, 33 

 Secchi disk, 27, 32 

 Sheltering coefficient, 133 

 Solar constant, 3, 51 

 Solenoids, law of parallel, 109, 112 

 South Equatorial Current: 



Atlantic, 185, 186 



crossing the Equator, 163 



Indian Ocean, 187 



Pacific, 192, 195 

 Specific gravity (see Density) 

 Specific heat, 13, 19 



air, 61 

 Specific volume, 12, 100, 101 



anomaly, 12, 100, 101 



in situ, 12 

 Stability, 100 



influence on turbulence, 19, 20, 21 

 Stefan's constant, 2 

 Stefan's law, 2 



Strait of Bosporus, currents, 179 

 Strait of Gibraltar, currents, 178 

 Stratosphere, oceanic, 86 

 Stream lines, 105, 106 

 Stress of wind, 118-121 



table, 120 

 Subantarctic Water, 160, 162 



distribution, 160, 162 

 illustrated, 158 

 Subarctic Water, 160, 169 



Atlantic, 170 



distribution, 160, 162 

 illustrated, 158 



Pacific, 199, 200 

 Surface of no motion, 109-111 

 Surface tension, 16, 17 



Temperature : 



adiabatic changes, 14 



annual variation at surface, 59, 77, 78 



annual variation in surface layer, 78-80 



illustrated, 78, 80 

 average surface values, 74, 75 



illustrated (charts 1 and 2, following 



p. 235) 

 table, 75 

 difference, sea surface minus air, 

 75-77, 225, 226, 228 

 importance to heat exchange, 61, 

 62, 225-228 

 diurnal variation at surface, 80-82 



table, 81 

 diurnal variation in surface layer, 82 



