242 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Temperature (cont.): 



potential, 14 

 Temperature-salinity curve, 86-91 



illustrated, 87, 88, 159 



used for detecting errors, 44 

 Thermal conductivity, 13, 18 

 Thermal expansion, 8, 11, 12 

 Thermographs, 40, 41 

 Thermometers, 37 



reversing, protected, 38 



reversing, unprotected, 40 



surface, 37 

 Thunderstorms, 62 

 Tidal currents, 50, 92 

 Tidal energy, 50 

 Topography : 



geopotential, 98 



of isobaric surfaces, 99 

 Trajectories, 105, 106 

 Transparency, 28, 31 

 Transport, 114 



Agulhas Stream, 188 



Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 206, 

 207 

 illustrated, 206 



Benguela Current, 186 



Bering Strait, 174 



Brazil Current, 186 



by relative currents, 114-116 



by wind currents, 123 



Denmark Strait, 174 



Drake Passage, 207 



Equatorial Countercurrent, Pacific, 

 194 



Labrador Current, 177 



Mississippi River, 180 



North Atlantic, 171-173 

 illustrated, 171 



North Pacific, 204, 205 

 illustrated, 205 



Peru Current, 189 



South Atlantic, 110, 116, 186, 214 



Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, 189 



Strait of Bosporus, 180 



Strait of Gibraltar, 179 

 Troposphere, oceanic, 86, 162 

 Tsushima Current, 197 

 Turbulence (turbulent flow), 17-19, 117 



horizontal, 18-21 



in air, 61-63, 119 



influence of stability on, 19-21 



U 



Upwelling: 



depth of, 131, 190, 202 

 effect on annual variation of tempera- 

 ture, 79 

 effect on climate, 226 



Upwelling (cont.): 

 localization of, 190, 202 



illustrated, 202 

 off coast of California, 201-204 

 off coast of Peru, 190 

 off west coast of North Africa, 163 

 off west coast of South Africa, 185 

 process of, 85, 131 

 thermodynamics of, 152 



Vapor pressure: 



difference, sea surface minus air, 63 

 effect on evaporation, 66, 227 



influence on back radiation, 59 



over sea water, 15, 62 

 Viscosity (see also Eddy viscosity) : 



dynamic, 15, 18, 117 



kinematic, 117 



W 



Wake stream, 166, 167 

 Water mass, definition, 88 

 Water masses (see also Bottom Water, 

 Central Water, Deep Water, Inter- 

 mediate Water), 155-163 

 formation, 89-91, 155 



by sinking of surface water, 155-157 

 by subsurface mixing, 157, 160 

 illustrated, 159 

 Water type, definition, 88 

 Wave of translation, 147 

 Waves (see also Wind waves) : 

 caused by earthquakes, 147-149 

 destructive, 147 

 "tidal," 147-149 

 West Greenland Current, 177 



illustrated, 177 

 Wind: 



factor, 125-127, 220 

 geostrophic, 98 



piling up of water due to, 121-123, 181 

 stress, 50, 92, 118-121 

 table, 120 

 Wind currents, 123-129 



effect of stability on, 128, 129 

 in shallow water, 127-128 



illustrated, 128 

 secondary effect of, 129-133 



illustrated, 130, 132 

 transport by, 123 

 velocity of, 125 

 Wind drift of ice, 219, 220 

 Wind waves: 

 breakers, 146 

 dissipation, 146 

 energy, 142 

 form, 136 



