Capabilities and Systems to Support Oceanocraphic Goals 



31 



studies in particular locations on the Columbia 

 River, Delaware River, Susquehanna River, and 

 Chesapeake Bay, with new studies beginning after 

 1965 of the Southeast Drainage Basins and the 

 Alaska Drainage Basins. 



The program should total about $88 million 

 in the next ten years. Three new facilities will 

 be added to the present nine conducting oceano- 

 graphic projects. No ships are required. 



2. MANAGEMENT OF U.S. RESOURCES 



HELD IN COMMON 



(4 Percent 1963-1972 Effort, 1 Percent Basic, 



3 Percent Applied) 



Although a comparatively modest effort, the 

 funds for investigating and managing the re- 

 sources along the shore and on and under the 

 continental shelf represent such an increase from 

 the small amount being spent on this area today 

 (less than 1 percent) that a considerable change 

 in the picture of what these resources are should 

 develop by 1972. The Geological Survey and the 

 Bureau of Mines plan a systematic exploration 

 of this potentially valuable area for mineral de- 

 posits. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries will 

 continue to study such local food resources as 

 clams, oysters, lobsters, and the like, and the Office 

 of Saline Water is prepared to participate or ad- 

 vise as needed. The Bureau of Sport Fisheries 

 and Wildlife, the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation, 

 and the National Park Service expect to concern 

 themselves with recreational values. 



The Geological Survey plans to establish two 

 new major oceanographic research centers closely 

 tied to its Washington (D. C.) and Menlo Park 

 (Calif.) geological research centers. From these 

 centers, it will study the composition, structure, 

 geologic and hydrologic processes, and resources 

 of the ocean floor, in cooperation with other gov- 

 ernment agencies and private institutions. The 

 studies will permit offshore extension of geologi- 

 cal and geophysical knowledge of land areas and 

 will provide a better understanding of sedimentary 

 rocks and resources that were formed beneath 

 the oceans and subsequently raised above sea 

 level to form lands. Current emphasis is being 

 placed on estuaries, bays, continental shelves 

 and other nearshore areas of the United States, 

 its possessions and trust territories. As knowl- 

 edge of these areas becomes available, the em- 

 phasis will be extended seaward to the deep oceans. 



The Bureau of Mines proposes the construc- 

 tion of a marine research center at an as yet un- 

 specified shoreside location with provisions for 

 process laboratories for sea water extraction and 

 mineral separation studies, core libraries for speci- 

 men storage, analytical facilities for sample de- 

 terminations, and docking space for research 

 vessels, instrument shops, and the like. In addi- 

 tion to the mesoscaphe which it will share with 

 the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the Bureau 

 of Mines will require a number of specialized 

 surface and underwater craft or devices for drill- 

 ing, dredging, and taking piston cores. Both the 

 Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines will 

 need extensive new instrumentation. By the end 

 of the decade the Bureau of Mines expects to 

 have various underwater mining demonstration 

 laboratories. The preparation of an ocean floor 

 mine shaft will be investigated with initial drifts, 

 a mine shaft collar to the ocean surface, an ele- 

 vator, and various underwater shelters at the mine 

 opening. Under study are floating underwater 

 laboratories for seagoing research operations 

 and on-the-spot analysis and testing. Bureau of 

 Mines and Geological Survey programs should 

 run in the vicinity of f 100 million for the ten- 

 year period. 



With regard to the resource represented by 

 the recreational value of the seas and shores, the 

 Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife expects 

 to add one research center on the Gulf of Mexico 

 to the two it now operates and to provide research 

 vessels for each to take the place of the chartered 

 ships now in use. Its program emphasizes the in- 

 ventory of game fish populations, determining 

 particularly suitable locations for game fishing, 

 and the development of sea water systems at each 

 of its three research laboratories for holding game 

 fish and rearing their young. 



The oceanographic effort on behalf of recrea- 

 tion is expected to run about $15 million over 

 the decade. 



E. Safety at Sea, Protection Ashore 



1. PROTECTING LIFE AND PROPERTY 

 ALONG THE COASTLINES (LESS THAN 

 1 PERCENT OF THE 1963-1972 EFFORT) 



The Army's Corps of Engineers (with the Beach 

 Erosion Board as one of its research agencies) 

 plays the major role in protecting beaches and 



