Contents 



Chapter 1 An Introduction and 



Summary 1 



Our Stake in the Uses of the Sea .... 1 



A Phm for National Action 4 



Chapter 2 National Capability in 



the Sea 21 



Advancing Marine Science 23 



University-National Laboratories. . 25 



Coastal Zone Laboratories 27 



Federal Laboratories 29 



Naval Research 29 



Diversity of Support 30 



Advancing Marine Technology 30 



Fundamental Technology 35 



National Projects 37 



Industry and Universities in Marine 



Technology 38 



The Navy in Marine Technology. . 40 



Manpower for the National Capa- 

 bility 43 



Information and the National Capa- 

 bility 44 



Costs for National CapabiUty 44 



Chapter 3 Management of the 



Coastal Zone 49 



The Nature of the Coastal Zone 49 



Intensification of Coastal Zone Usage 52 

 A Proposed Coastal Management 



System 56 



Functions and Powers of State 



Coastal Zone Authorities 57 



Management in Interstate Estu- 

 aries 60 



Federal Role in Coastal Zone 



Management 60 



Information Needed for Coastal Zone 



Management 62 



Opportunities for Coastal Develop- 

 ment 69 



Moving Operations Offshore 69 



Special Attention to Recreation ... 70 



A Plan for "Seasteads" 72 



The Pollution Problem 72 



Program Costs 79 



Chapter 4 Marine Resources 83 



National Resource Policy 83 



Development of the Sea's Living Re- 

 sources 86 



Marine Fisheries 86 



The Ocean's Food Potential 88 



World Production and Demand. ... 89 

 Principles of Fisheries Manage- 

 ment 90 



Rehabilitation of U.S. Domestic 



Fisheries 94 



International Fisheries Management. 104 



Aquaculture 115 



Sea Plants 118 



Extracting Drugs from the Sea. ... 119 

 Development of Nonliving Marine 



Resomxes 121 



Petroleum 122 



Natural Gas 127 



Other Marine Minerals 130 



Fresh Water Resources 137 



Pre-Investment Surveys 139 



Federal Agency Roles 141 



An International Legal-Political 



Framework 141 



Existing Framework 143 



Recommended Redefinition of 



the Continental Shelf 143 



Recommended Legal-Political Ar- 

 rangements for Subsea Areas 



Beyond the Shelf 146 



Relations between the U.S. Gov- 

 ernment and Private Firms in 



Registering Claims 153 



A Proposed Course of Interim 



Action 155 



Government-Industry Relationships. 157 



Goverament and Industry Roles. . . 157 



Industrial Activities and Attitudes. 158 



Capital Sources and Requirements. 159 



Legal and Regulatory Framework . . 160 



Technology and Services 161 



Collaboration in Planning 166 



Program Costs 166 



