CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



THE GULF STREAM. 



The Gulf Stream, () 1.— Its Color, 2.— Its Cause, 3-7.— Dr. Franklin's Theory, 8.— 

 The Sargasso Sea, 13. — The Trade-wind Agency refuted, 14. — Galvanic Properties 

 of Gulf Stream Waters, 26. — Initial Velocity, 30. — Agents that make Water in one 

 part of the Sea heavier than in another, 31. — Temperature of the Gulf Stream, 37. 

 — It is Roof-shaped, 39. — W^hy the Drift Matter of the Gulf Stream is sloughed off 

 to the right of its Course, 42. — Course of the Gulf Stream, 47. — Currents run along 

 arcs of Great Circles, 49. — The Course of Currents counter to the Gulf Stream, 52. 

 — The Force derived from Changes of Temperature, 53. — Limits of the Gulf Stream 

 for March and September, 54. — Streaks of Warm and Cool Water in it, 55. — A 

 Cushion of Cold Water between the Bottom of the Sea and the Waters of the Gulf 

 Stream, 56. — It runs up hill, 57 Page 25 



CHAPTER II. 



INFLUENCE OF THE GULF STREAM UPON CLIMATES. 



An Illustration, ^ 60. — Best Fish in cold Water, 65. — The Sea a Part of a grand Ma- 

 chine, 67. — Influence of the Gulf Stream upon the Meteorology of the Sea: It is a 

 "Weather Breeder," 69. — Dampness of Climate of England due to it, 70. — The Pole 

 of Maximum Cold, 71.— Gales of the Gulf Stream, 72.— The Wreck of the San 

 Francisco, 73. — Influence of the Gulf Stream upon Commerce and Navigation : Used 

 as a Land-mark, 77. — The first Description of it, 78. — Thermal Navigation, 81 . 47 



CHAPTER III. 



THE ATMOSPHERE. 



The Relation of the Winds to the Physical Geography of the Sea, <$> 88. — No Expres- 

 sion of Nature without Meaning, 93. — The CirQulation of the Atmosphere, Plate I., 

 95. — Southeast Trade-wind Region the larger, 109. — How the Winds approach the 

 Poles, 112. — The Offices of the Atmosphere, 114. — It is a powerful Machine, 118. — 

 Whence come the Rains that feed the great Rivers ] 120. — How Vapor passes 

 from one Hemisphere to the other, 123. — Evaporation greatest about Latitude 17'^- 

 20°, 127.— Explanation, 128.— The Rainy Seasons : how caused, 129.— Why there 

 is one Rainy Season in California, 130 — One at Panama, 131 — Two at Bogota, 

 132. — Rainless Regions explained, 135. — Why Australia is a Dry Country, 136. — 

 Why Mountains have a dry and a rainy Side, 137. — The immense Fall of Rain 

 upon the Western Ghauts in India: how caused, 139.— Vapor for the Patagonia 

 Rains comes from the North Pacific, 141. — The mean annual Fall of Rain, 144. — 

 Evaporation from the Indian Ocean, 146. — Evidences of Design, 148 66 



B 



