XX CONTENTS. -' 



CHAPTER X. 



ox THE GEOLOGICAL AGENCY OF THE WINDS. 



To appreciate the Offices of the Winds and Waves, Nature must be regarded as a 

 Whole, ^ 369.— Level of the Dead Sea, 370. — Evidences that at former Geolog- 

 ical Periods more Rain fell than now falls upon the Dead Sea and other inland 

 Basins, 371. — Where Vapor for the Rains in the Basin of the American Lakes 

 comes from, 375. — The Effect produced by the Upheaval of Mountains across the 

 course of vapor-bearing Winds, 376. — The Agencies by which the Drainage of 

 Hydrographic Basins may be cut off from the Sea, 380. — Utah an Example, 382. 

 — Effect of the Andes upon vapor-bearing Winds, 383. — Geological Age of the 

 Andes and Dead Sea compared, 391. — Ranges of dry Countries and little Rain, 

 393. — Rain and Evaporation in the Mediterranean, 399. — Evaporation and Precip- 

 itation in the Caspian Sea equal, 404. — The Quantity of Moisture the Atmosphere 

 keeps in Circulation, 407. — \\liere Vapor for the Rains that feed the Nile come 

 from, 409.-— Lake Titicaca, 420 Page 181 



CHAPTER XL 



THE DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN. 



The Depth of blue Water unknown, <$> 421. — Results of former Methods of Deep-sea 

 Soundings not entitled to Confidence, 422. — Attempts by Sound and Pressure, 423. 

 — The Myths of the Sea, 424. — Common Opinion as to its Depths, 425. — Interest- 

 ing Subject, 427. — The deepest Soundings reported, 428. — Plan adopted in the 

 American Navy, 429. — Soundings to be made from a Boat, 431. — Why the Sound- 

 ing-twine will not stop running out when the Plummet reaches Bottom, 432. — In- 

 dications of under Currents, 433. — Rate of Descent, 434. — Brooke's Deep-sea 

 Sounding Apparatus, 437. — The greatest Depths at which Bottom has been found, 

 438 200 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE BASIN OF THE ATLANTIC. 



Plate XL, <} 439. — Height of Chimborazo above the Bottom of the Sea, 440. — Orog- 

 raphy of Oceanic Basins, 441. — The deepest Place in the Atlantic, 442. — The Bot- 

 tom OF the Atlantic : The Utility of Deep-sea Soundings, 445. — A telegraphic 

 Plateau across the Atlantic, 446. — Specimens from it, 447. — A microscopic Exam- 

 ination of them, 448. — Brooke's Deep-sea Lead presents the Sea in a new Light, 

 453. — The Agents at work upon the Bottom of the Sea, 454. — How the Ocean is 

 prevented from growing salter, 458. — Knowledge of our Planet to be derived from 

 the Bottom of the Sea, 460 308 



CHAPTER XIII. 



the WINDS. 



Plate VIII., <$» 461. — Monsoons, 462. — Why the Belt of Southeast is broader than the 

 Belt of Northeast Trade-winds, 463. — Effect of Deserts upon the Trade-winds, 466. 

 — At Sea the Law^s of Atmospherical Circulation are better developed, 470. — Rain 



