CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



THE GULF STREAM. 



The Gulf Stream, ^ 1.— Its Color, 2.— Its Cause, 3-7.— Dr. Franklin's Theory, 8.— 

 The Sargasso Sea, 13. — The Trade-wind Agency refuted, 14. — Galvanic Properties 

 of Gulf Stream Waters, 26. — Initial Velocity, 30. — Agents that make Water in one 

 part of the Sea heavier than in another, 31. — Temperature of the Gulf Stream, 37. 

 — It is Roof-shaped, 39.— -Why the Drift Matter of the Gulf Stream is sloughed off 

 to the right of its Course, 42.— Course of the Gulf Stream, 47.— Currents run along 

 arcs of Great Circles, 49. — The Course of Currents counter to the Gulf Stream, 52. 

 — The Force derived from Changes of Temperature, 53. — Limits of the Gulf Stream 

 for March and September, 54. — Streaks of Warm and Cool Water in it, 55. — A 

 Cushion of Cold Water between the Bottom of the Sea and the Waters of the Gulf 

 Stream, 56.— It runs up hill, 57 Page 25 



CHAPTER 11. 



INFLUENCE OF THE GULF STREAM UPON CLIMATES. 



An Illustration, ^ 60. — Best Fish in cold Water, 65. — The Sea a Part of a grand Ma- 

 chine, 67. — Influence of the Gulf Stream upon the Meteorology of the Sea: It is a 

 ** Weather Breeder," 69.— Dampness of Climate of England due to it, 70.— The Pole 

 of Maximum Cold, 71.— Gales of the Gulf Stream, 72.— The W'reck of the San 

 Francisco, 73. — Influence of the Gulf Stream upon Commerce and Navigation : Used 

 as a Land-mark, 77. — The first Description of it, 78. — Thermal Navigation, 81 . 47 



CHAPTER III. 



THE ATMOSPHERE. 



The Relation of the Winds to the Physical Geography of the Sea, § 88.— No Expres- 

 sion of Nature without Meaning, 93. — The Circulation of the Atmosphere, Plate I., 

 95. — Southeast Trade-wind Region the larger, 109. — How the Winds approach the 

 Poles, 112. — The Offices of the Atmosphere, 114. — It is a powerful Machine, 118. — 

 Whence come the Rains that feed the great Rivers'! 120. — How Vapor passes 

 from one Hemisphere to the other, 123. — Evaporation greatest about Latitude 17°- 

 20°, 127.— Explanation, 128.— The Rainy Seasons : how caused, 129.— Why there 

 is one Rainy Season in CaHfomia, 130— One at Panama, 131— Two at Bogota, 

 132.— Rainless Regions explained, 135.— Why Australia is a Dry Country, 136.— 

 Why Mountains have a dry and a rainy Side, 137. — The immense Fall of Rain 

 upon the Western Ghauts in India: how caused, 139.— Vapor for the Patagonia 

 Rains comes from the North Pacific, 141.— The mean annual Fall of Rain, 144.— 

 Evaporation from the Indian Ocean, 146.— Evidences of Design, 148 66 



B 



