CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



THE SEA AND THE ATMOSPHERE. 



The two Oceans of Air and Water, § 1.— Their Meeting, 2.— Their Depth, 3.— The 

 Weight of the Atmosphere, 4. — ^Three fourths below the Mountain-tops, 5. — Its 

 Height, 6. — Data conjectural, 7. — Analysis of Air, 8. — Information respecting 

 the Depth of the Ocean, 9. — Its probable Depth, 10. — Relation between the Depth 

 and the Waves of the Sea, 11. — Airy's Tables, 12. — The Earthquake of Simoda, 

 13. — The propagation of its Waves, 14. — Their Breadth and Velocity, 15. — Av- 

 erage Depth of the North Pacific, 16. — Specific Gravity of Sea-water, 17. — Ditto 

 of Air, 18. — Unequal Distribution of Light and Heat, of Air, Water, and Land, 

 19. — The Sun longer in northern Declination, 20. — England about the Pole of 

 the Hemisphere with most Land, 21. — Effects in the terrestrial Economy of Ine- 

 quality in the Distribution of Land and Water, 22. — Quantity of fresh Water in 

 American Lakes, 23. — The southern Seas likened to the Boiler, northern Lands 

 to the Condenser of a Steam-engine, 24:. — Ofiices of the Atmosphere multitudi- 

 nous, 25. — Dr. Buist, 26. — The Sea and the Atmosphere contrasted, 27. — Influ- 

 ence of the Sun, 28. — Of diurnal Rotation, 29. — Currents, 30. — Icebergs, 31. — 

 Mountain Ranges, 32. — Water, 33. — Latent Heat, 3-1. — Effects of, upon the Earth, 

 .35. — The Tides, 36. — Hurricanes, 37. — Powers of the Air, 38. — Its Functions, 

 39. — The Operations of Water, 40. — Its marvelous Powers, 41. — It caters on the 

 Land for the Insects of the Sea, 42. — Leaching, 43. — Solid Ingredients, 44. — 

 Quantity of Silver in the Sea, 45. — Its Inhabitants, their Offices, 46. — Monuments 

 of their Industry, 47. — Analyeis of Sea-water, 48. — Proportion of Water to the 

 Mass of the Earth, 49. — The three great Oceans, 50. — The Atlantic, 51. — Its 

 Tides, 52.— Its Depths, 53.— Contrasted with the Pacific, 54.— The Telegraphic 

 Plateau, 55 Page 1 



CHAPTER II. 



THE GULF STREAM. 



Its Color, § 70. — How caused, 71. — Speculations concerning the Gulf Stream, 72.— 

 Agencies concerned, 73. — Early Writers, 74. — Objection to the fresh-water Thc- 

 orj', 75.— Livingston's Hypothesis, 76. — i'ranklin's Theory, 77. — Objections to it, 

 78. — Herschel's Explanation, 79. — Objections to it, 80. — The Supremacy of the 

 Winds disputed, 81.— The Bonifaccio Current, 82.— The Bed of the Gulf Stream 

 an ascending Plane, 83. — The Niagara, 84. — A Current counter to the Gulf 

 Stream, 85.— Bottle Chart, 86.— Their Drift, 87.— The Sargasso Sea, 88.— A 

 Bifurcation, 89. — Winds exercise but little Influence upon constant Currents, 90. — 

 Effects of diurnal Rotation upon the Gulf Stream, 91.— The Gulf Stream can not 

 be accounted for by a higher Level, 92. — Nor by the trade-wind Theory, 93. — Il- 

 lustration, 94. — The Gulf Stream the Effect of some constantly operating Power, 



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