CONTENTS. • xxvii 



— Objections to the Theory, 791). — The three Forces, 800. — The EiiV-ct of each, 

 801.— A Storm within a Storm, 802. — The Black Sea Storm of 1854, 803.— Cy- 

 clones of the North Atlantic, 804. — The Hurricane Season, 805. — Cyclones in the 

 Mississippi Valley, 806. — Extra-tropical Gales, 807. — Storm and Kain Charts, 

 808 1'age 413 



CHAPTER XX. 



THE WINDS OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 



Repetition often necessary, § 811. — The S.E. and N.E. Trade-winds put in a Bal- 

 ance, 812. — Observations by 2235 Vessels, 813. — Ships used as Anemometers, 

 814. — Velocity of the Trade-winds, 815. — Ditto of the Counter-trades, 81G. — 

 The Waves they get up, 817. — A meteorological Corollary, 818. — Facts estab- 

 lished, 819. — Atmospherical Circulation more active in the southern than in the 

 northern Hemisphere, 820. — Gales in the two Hemispheres, 821. — Ditto Calms, 

 822. — The propelling Power of the Winds, 823. — Lt. Van Gogh's Storm and Raui 

 Charts, 824. — The "brave west Winds" caused by Rarefaction in the Antarctic 

 Regions, 825. — Relative Frequency of Rains and Gales at Sea, 826. — The Rain- 

 fall of Cape Horn and Cherraponjie, 827. — Influence of Highlands upon Precij^i- 

 tation, 828. — The latent Heat of Vapor, 829. — The Cause of the boisterous Weath- 

 er off Cape Horn, 830. — Offices of Icebergs in the meteorological Machinery, 831. 

 — The Antarctic calm Place a Region of constant Precipitation, 832. — Also of a 

 low Barometer, 833. — Aqueous Vapor the Cause of both, 834. — The topograph- 

 ical Featn.es of Antarctic Lands, 835. — A perpetual Cyclone, 836. — Discovery 

 of Design in the meteorological Machineiy, 837. — Indications which the Winds 

 aiford concerning the unexplored Regions of the South, 838. — Their Extent; 

 Plate XV., 839. — A i)hysical Law concerning the Distribution of Land and Wa- 

 ter, 840.— Dr. Jilek, 841.— Antarctic Expeditions, 842 433 



CHAPTER XXI. 



THE ANTARCTIC REGIONS AND THEIR CLIMATOLOGY. 



Indications of a mild Climate about the South Pole, § 850. —The Story of the 

 Winds, 851.— The null Belts, 852.— Extent of the polar Indraught, 853.— The 

 Rarefaction of the Air over polar Regions, 854. — Barometrical Observations, 855. 

 — The low austral Barometer, 856. — Discussion of Observations, 857. — Baromet- 

 ric Curve at Sea, 858.— Ditto over the Land, 859. — Agreement of Observations 

 at Sea, 860. — The Question why the Barometer should stand lower about the 

 South than the North Pole considered, 861. — Psychrometry of polar Winds, 862. 

 — Aerial Rarefaction about' the North Pole, 863.— Ditto about the South Pole, 864. 

 — Influences favorable to heavy Precipitation, 865. — The Climates of correspond- 

 ing Shores and Latitudes north and south, 866.— Thermal Diflference between 

 Arctic and Antarctic Climates, 867. — How the Temperature of Air may be raised 

 by crossing Mountains, 868. — Aurora Australis, 869. — An erroneous Opinion, 

 870. — Tropical Regions of the southern Hemisphere cooler, extra-tropical warm- 

 er, than those of the northern, 871. — Formation of southern Icebergs, 872. — 

 Mild Climate in 63° S., 873.— Antarctic Ice-drift, 874.— Antarctic Currents, 875. 

 — Antarctic Explorations demanded, 876. — Former Expeditions, 877. — An Ap- 

 peal for others, 878 453 



