398 THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SEA. 



will be perceived that these masses of water which are marked as 

 cold are not always cold. Thej gradually pass into warm; for 

 in traveling from the poles to the equator they partake of the 

 temperature of the latitudes through which they flow, and grow 

 warm. Plate IX., therefore, is only introduced to give general 

 ideas ; nevertheless, it is very instructive. See how the influx of 

 cold water into the South Atlantic appears to divide the warm 

 water, and squeeze it out at the sides, along the coasts of South 

 Africa and Brazil. So, too, in the North Indian Ocean, the cold- 

 water again compelling the warm to escape along the land at the 

 sides, as well as occasionally in the middle. In the North Atlan- 

 tic and North Pacific, on the contrary, the warm water appears to 

 divide the cold, and to squeeze it out along the land at the sides. 

 The impression made by the cold current from Bafl&n's Bay upon 

 the Gulf Stream is strikingly beautiful. 



743. Another feature of the sea expressed by this plate is a sort 

 The great bend in the ^f rcflcction or rccast of the shore-line in the tem- 

 Guif stream. peraturc of the water. This feature is most strik- 

 ino; in the North Pacific and Indian Ocean. The remarkable in- 

 trusion of the cool into the volume of warm waters to the south- 

 ward of the Aleutian Islands is not unlike that which the cool 

 waters from Davis's Straits make in the Atlantic upon the Gulf 

 Stream. In sailing through this "horse-shoe," or bend in the 

 Gulf Stream (§ 781), Captain N. B. Grant, of the American ship 

 Lady Arbella, bound from Hamburg to New York, in May, 1854, 

 passed, from daylight to noon, twenty- four large " bergs," besides 

 several small ones, "the whole ocean, as far as the eye could 

 reach, being literally covered with them. I should," he contin- 

 ues, "judge the average height of them above the surface of the 

 sea to be about sixty feet ; some five or six of them were at least 

 twice that height, and, with their frozen peaks jutting up in the 

 most fantastic shapes, presented a truly sublime spectacle." 



744. The " horse-shoe" of cold in the warm water of the North 

 Th'i horse-shoe in the P^cific, though extending 5 degrees farther toward 

 Japan current. ^"j^g south, cau uot bc tho harbor for such icebergs. 

 The cradle of those of the Atlantic was perhaps in the Frozen 

 Ocean, for they may have come thence through Baffin's Bay. 

 But in the Pacific there is no nursery for them. The water in 

 Behring's Strait is too shallow to let them pass from that ocean 



