XYUl CONTENTS. 



insufficient to supply Rain for so large a portion of the Earth as one sixth of all 

 the Land, 279. — Daily Rate of Evaporation at Sea less than on Land — Observa- 

 tions wanted, 280.— Rivers are Gauges for the Amount of effective Evaporation, 

 281. — Importance of Rain and River Gauges, 282. — Hypsometry in the Korth 

 Atlantic peculiar, 283.^ — Limited Capacity of AVinds to take up and transjiort, for 

 the Rivers of Europe and America, Vapour from the North Atlantic, 284.— The 

 Vapour-Springs for all these Rivers not in the Atlantic Ocean, 285.— The Places in 

 the Sea whence come the Rivers of the North, discovered — proves the Crossing at 

 the calm Belts, 286.— Spirit in which the Search for Truth should be conducted, 

 287. — The Number of known Facts that are reconciled by the Theory of a Cross- 

 ing at the calm Belts, 288. — The Atmosphere to be studied, like any other Ma- 

 chinery, by its Operations, 289.— Arguments furnished by the Rivers, 290.— IMore 

 Rain in the northern than in the southern Hemisphere, 291. — The Trade-winds 

 the evaporating "Winds, 292. — The saltest Part of the Sea, 293. — Seeing that the 

 southern Hemisphere affords the largest evaporating Surface, how, unless there be 

 a Crossing, could we have most Rain and the great Rivers in the northern ? 294. — 

 The rainy Seasons, 295.— The rainy Seasons of California and Panama, 296. — 

 The rainless Regions, 297. — Tlie rainy side of llountains, 298.— The Regions of 

 greatest Precipitation, Cherraponjie and Patagonia, 2\i^.— Amount of Evaporation 

 greatest from the Indian Ocean, 300. — The Rivers of India, and the Measure of the 

 effective Evaporation from that Ocean, 301. — Physical Adjustments, 302. — Adapta- 

 tions, their Beauties and Sublimity, 303 Page 100 



CHAPTEE \i: ' 



RED FOGS AND SEA BREEZES. 



The Alternations of Land and Sea Breezes, § 311.— The Sea Breeze at Valparaiso, 

 312. — The Contrast, 313. — Land and Sea Breezes along the Shores of intertropical 

 Countries, 314. — Cause of Land and Sea Breezes, 315. — Lieutenant Jansen on the 

 Land and Sea Breezes in the Indian Archipelago, 316. — Sanitary Influences of 

 Land and Sea Breezes, 317. — Influences which regulate their Strength, 318. — Land 

 Breezes from the west Coast of Africa scorching hot, 319. — Land Breeze in Brazil 

 and Cuba, 320. — Night Scenes when sailing with the Land Breeze, 32L— Red Fogs 

 in the Mediterranean, 322. — Red Fogs near the Equator, 323. — Putting Tallies on 

 the Wind, 324.— They tell of a Crossing at the calm Belts, 325.— Humboldt's 

 Description of the Dust-whirlwinds of the Orinoco, 326.— Are the great Deserts 

 Centres of Circulation ? 327. — The Colour of " Sea-dust," 328. — A Clew leading into 

 the Chambers of the South, 329.— Red Fogs do not always occur at the same Place, 

 but the}^ occur on a north-east and south-west Range, 330.— Conditions requisite to 

 the Production of a Sea Fog, 331. — What is the Agent that guides the Air across 

 the calm Belts ? 332 Page 127 



CHAPTER YII. 



THE EASTING OF THE TRADE-WINDS, THE CROSSING AT THE CADM BELTS, AND THE 

 MAGNETISM OF THE ATMOSPHERE. 



Halley's Theory not fully confirmed by Observations, $ 341.— Observed Course of 

 the Trade-winds, 342.— Velocities of the Trade-vrinds, 343.— Difference between 

 Observation and Theory, 344. — Faraday's Discovery of Magnetism in the Air, 

 345.— Lines of magnetic Force, 34G.— Tlie magnetic Influences of the Oxygen of 

 the Air and of the Spots on the Sun, 347.— The Needle in its diurnal A^ariations, 

 the Barometer in its Readings, and the Atmosphere in its electrical Tension, all 

 have the same hours for their Maxima and Minima, 348. — The Question raised 

 by modern Researches, 349.— Wet and dry Air of the calm Belts, 350.— Principles 

 according to which the phj-sical Machinery of our Planet should be studied, 351. — 

 Division into "Wind-bands, 352. —The medial Bands, 353. — The rainless Regions 

 and the calm Belts, 354. — The theory of the Crossings restated, and the Facts 

 reconciled by it, 355. — The Question, How can tAvo Currents of Air cross? 



