XXU CONTENTS. 



afforded, 614. — A Discovery suggested by it, 615. — Specimens from the three 

 Oceans all tell the same Story, 616. — Their Suggestions,617. — The workof Readapt- 

 ation, how carried on, 618. — Animalcule at the Bottom of the Sea, 619 Page 302 



CHAPTEE XY. 



SEA ROUTES, CALM BELTS, AND VARIABLE WINDS. 



Practical Results of physical Researches at Sea, § 621. — Time-tables, 622. — Close 

 Running, 623. — A Desideratum on Shipboard, 624. — How Passages have been 

 shortened, 625. — Fast sailing, 626. — The longest Voyage, 627. — Obstructions to the 

 Navigator, 628.— Plate VIII., 629.— Deserts, 630.— Diurnal Rotation, 631.— The 

 Land in the northern Hemisphere, 632. — Why the south-east Trades are the stronger, 

 633. — Their Uniformity of Temperature, 634. — The mean Place of the Equatorial 

 calm Belt, 635. — Never at rest, 636. — The calm Belts occupy medial Positions, 637. 

 —Strength of the Trade-winds varies with the Seasons, 638. — Sailing through them 

 in Fall and AVinter, 639. — A thermal Adjustment, 640. — The Barometer in the 

 Trade-winds and equatorial Calms, 641. — Experiments in the French Navy, 642.— 

 Diifeience in Tons of the barometric Pressure upon the north-east and south-east 

 Trade- winds, 643.— Why the Barometer should stand higher in the south-east than 

 in the north-east Trade-winds, 644. ^Cataclysms, 645.^ — Are the Climates of the 

 Earth changing ? 646. — Temperature of the Trade-winds and calm Belts, 647.^ — The 

 thermal Equator, 648. — A natural Actinometer in the Trade-winds, 649.— Heat 

 daily received by the south-east Trade-Minds, 6.50. — Equatorial calm Belt never 

 stationary, 651.— It varies with the Strength of the Trade-winds, 652. — Precipita- 

 tion in it, 653. — The Appearance of the calm Belts from a distant Planet, 654. — 

 Rainy Seasons of the Tropical calm Belts, 655. — Their Position, 656. — A meteoro- 

 logical Law, 657. — The Barometer in the calm Belts, 658.— Winds with Northing 

 and Winds with Southing in them, 659. — -The barometric Ridges, 660. — They make 

 a Depression in the Atmosphere, 661. — The upper Surface of the Atmosphere, 662. 

 — Winds in the southern stronger than "Winds in the northern Hemisphere, 663. — 

 The Waves and Gales oflF the Cape of Good Hope, 664. — Winds blow from a high 

 to a low Barometer, 665. — Polar Rarefaction, 666. — The tropical calm Belts caused 

 by the polar and equatorial Calms, 667. — The meteorological Power of latent Heat, 

 668 — The low Barometer off Cape Horn, 669. — Barometric Table, 670. — Barometer 

 at the Poles, 671. — The "brave west Winds" — their barometric Descent, 672. — 

 Study of the Monsoons affords farther Information touching the calm Belts, 673. — 

 The south-west Winds of the Atlantic, 674.— Sailing through the Trade-wind, 675. 

 The Influence of the Land upon the Winds at Sea, 676.— A " Gulf-Stream" in the 

 Air, 677.— Counterpoises, 678. — Normal State of the Atmosphere, 679.— Rain- 

 winds, 680 Page 321 



CHAPTEE XVI. 



MONSOONS. 



The Cause of, § 681.— The Region of, 682.— A low Barometer in Northern India, 683. 

 —The S.AV. Monsoons "backing down," 684.— How they begin, 685.— The Sun 

 assisted by the latent Heat of Vapour, 686.— The Rain-fall in India, 687.— Its 

 Influences upon the Monsoons, 688.— The March of the Monsoons, 689. — Their 

 Conflict— it begins at the North, 690. — The Barometric Descent of the Monsoons, 

 691. — The Summer Rains of Cherraponjie, 692. — Dove and the Monsoons, 693. — 

 The south-east Trades passing into south-west Monsoons, 694.— Lieutenant Jansen, 

 695. — Monsoons in the Pacific, 696. — Influence of Coral Reefs upon Winds, 697. — 

 Monsoons in Miniature, 698. — The Changing of the Monsoons, 699. — How the calm 

 Belt of Cancer is pushed to the north, 700. — The curved Form of the equatorial 

 calm Belt in the Indian Ocean, 701. — The Winter Monsoons, 702. — The Monsoons 

 of Australasia, 703. — Thunder and Lightning, 704. — Water-spouts, 705,— The east 

 Monsoon in the Java Sea, 706. — Currents, 707. — Marking the Seasons, 708.— Con- 

 flicts in the Air, 709.— Passing of the calm Belts, 710. — Where they are, there the 

 Changing of the Monsoons is going on, 711 Page 350 



