CONTENTS. XXlll 



CHAPTEE XYII. 



THE CLIMATES OF THE SEA. 



A "Milky Way" in the Ocean, $ 720.— The Vibrations of the Gulf Stream, 721.— 

 Sea and Land Climates contrasted, 722.— Plate IV., 723.— The Effects of Kight and 

 Day upon the Temperature of Sea Water, 724. — A Belt of uniform Temperature at 

 Sea, 725.^ — The Avestern Half of the xltlantic warmer than the eastern, 726.— The 

 warmest Sides of Oceans and the coldest Shores of Continents in Juxtaposition, 727. 

 —The Climates of Europe influenced by the Shore-lines of Brazil, 728.— The Gulf 

 of Guinea and the Climate of Patagonia, 729. — Shore-lines, 730.— Sudden Changes 

 in the Water Thermometer, 731. — The Fogs of Newfoundland, 732.— Aqueous 

 isothermal Lines, 733. — The Meeting of cool and warm Waters, 734. — The Direc- 

 tion of aqueous Isotherms on opposite Sides of the Sea, 735 . , Page 367 



CHAPTER XYIII. 



TIDE-RIPS AND SEA-DRIFT. 



The Glories of the Sea, $ 740.— Drift described, 741.— Plate IX., 742.— The great 

 Bend in the Gulf Stream, 743.— The Horse-shoe in the Japan Current, 744. — The 

 Animalculas of the Sea, 745.— Coloured Patches, 746. — Whence the lied Sea derives 

 its Name, 747. — The Escape of warm Waters from the Pacific, 748.— Ditto from 

 the Indian Ocean, 749.— A wide Current, 750. — Commotions in the Sea, 751. — 

 Humboldt's Description of Tide-rips, 752. — Horsburgh's, 753.— Tide-rips in the 

 Atlantic. 754. —Mock Vigias, 755. — Bores, Eagres, and the Earthquake Wave of 

 Lisbon, 756. — Rains at Sea, and their Effect upon its Equilibrium, 757.— Ditto of 

 Cloud and Sunshine, 758. — Day and Night, 759.^Logs overhauled for Kelp and 

 Ice, 760.— A Sargasso in the South Pacific, 761.— Seaweed about the Falkland 

 Islands, 762. — The African Sargasso, 763. — Icebergs, 764. — The largest Drift 

 farthest, 765. — The Line of Antarctic Drift, 766. — Necessity for and Advantages 

 of an Antarctic Expedition, 767. — Commercial Considerations, 768. — Value of 

 the Fisheries, 769.— Sperm Whales, 770.— A Sea of Fire to the, 771.— Right 

 Whales, 772 • . . Page 379 



' CHAPTEE XIXl 



STORMS, HURRICANES, AND TYPHOONS. 



Plate v., § 781.— Typhoons, 782.— The Mauritius Hurricanes, 783.— The West India 

 Hurricanes, 784.— The Cyclone Theory, 785. — Puzzling Questions, 786. — Espy's 

 Theory, 787. — Dove's Law, 788. — Bernouilli's Formula, 789. — Predicting Storms, 

 790.— The Changing of the Wind in a Cyclone, 791. — The Wind stronger on one 

 side than the other, 792, — The rainy Quadrant of a Cyclone, 793. — Erroneous 

 Theories, 794.:^— The Wind in a true Cyclone blows in Spirals, 795. — An Illustration, 

 796. — Dust Whirlwinds and AVater-spouts, 797.— A vera Causa, 798. — Objections to 

 the Theory, 799.— The three Forces, 80(J.— The effect of each, 801.— A Storm within 

 a Storm, 802.— The Black Sea Storm of 1854, 803.— Cyclones of the North Atlantic, 

 804. — The Hurricane Season, 805. — Cyclones in the Mississippi Valley, 806.— Extra- 

 tropical Gales, 807.— Storm and Rain Charts, 808 .... Page 397 



CHAPTEE XX. 



THE WINDS OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 



Repetition often necessary, § 811.— The S.E. and N.E. Trade-winds put in a Balance 

 812.— Observations by 2235 Vessels, 813.— Ships used as Anemometers, 814. — 

 Velocity of the Trade-winds, 815. — Ditto of the Counter-trades, 816— The waves 

 they get up, 817.— A meteorological Corollary, 818.— Facts established, 819— At- 

 mospherical Circulation more active in the southern than in the northern Hemi- 

 sphere, 820.— Gales in the two Hemispheres, 821.— Ditto Calms, 8:^2.- The pro- 

 pelling Power of the Winds, 823.— Lt. Van Gough's Storm and Rain Charts, 824.— 



