XXIY CONTENTS. 



The "brave west Winds" caused by Rarefaction in the Antarctic Regions, 825. — 

 Relative Frequency of Rains and Gales at Sea, 826. — The Rainfall of Cape Horn 

 and Cherraponjie, 827. — Influence of Highlands upon Precipitation, 828. — The 

 latent Heat of Vapour, 829. — The cause of the boisterous Weather off Cape Horn, 

 830.— Offices of Icebergs in the meteorological Machinery, 831.— The Antarctic 

 calm Place a Region of constant Precipitation, 832. — Also of a low Barometer, 833. 

 Aqueous Vapour the Cause of both, 834.— The topographical Features of Antarctic 

 Lands, 835. — A perpetual Cyclone, 836. — Discovery of Design in the meteorological 

 Machinery, 837. — Indications which the Winds afford concerning the unexplored 

 Regions of the South, 838.— Their Extent; Plate XIV., 839.— A physical LaM^ con- 

 cerning the Distribution of Land and Water, 840.— Dr. Jilek, 841. — Antarctic Ex- 

 peditions, 842 Page 416 



CHAPTER XXI. 



THE ANTARCTIC REGIONS AND THEIR CLIMATOLOGY. 



Indications of a mild Climate about the South Pole, § 850. — The Story of the Winds, 

 851. — The null Belts, 852. — Extent of the polar Indraught, 853. — The Rarefaction 

 of the Air over polar Regions, 854. — Barometrical Observations, 855. — The low 

 austral Barometer, 856. — Discussion of Observations, 857.— Barometric Curve at 

 Sea, 858. — Ditto over the Land, 859. — Agreement of Observations at Sea, 860. — 

 The Question why the Barometer should stand lower about the South than the 

 North Pole considered, 861. — Psychrometry of polar Winds, 862. — Aerial Rarefac- 

 tion about the North Pole, 863.— Ditto about the South Pole, 864.— Influences 

 favourable to heavy Precipitation, 865. — The Climates of corresponding Shores and 

 Latitudes north and south, 866. — Thermal Difference between Arctic and Ant- 

 arctic Climates, 867. — The Influence of aqueous Vapour upon Winds and Climates, 

 868. — How the Temperature of Air may be raised by crossing Mountains, 869. 

 • — Local Variations of Climate, how caused, 870. — Aurora Australis, 871. — An 

 erroneous Opinion, 872.— Tropical Regions of the southern Hemisphere cooler, 

 extra-tropical warmer, than those of the northern, 873. — Formation of southern 

 Icebergs, 874.— Mild Climate in 63° S., 875.— Antarctic Ice-drift, 876.— Antarctic 

 Currents, 877. — Antarctic Explorations demanded, 878. — Former Expeditions, 879. 

 — An Appeal for others, 880 Page 436 



CHAPTER XXII. 



THE ACTINOMETRY OP THE SEA. 



A new Field, § 881. — The warmest Waters in the Sea — where are they ? at or below 

 the Surface, 882. — The annual Supply of solar Heat uniform, 883. — Quantity of 

 Heat daily impressed upon the Earth, 884.— How far below the Surface does the 

 Heat of the Sun penetrate? 885. — The Stratum of warmest Water, 886.— Its 

 Position, 887.— The different Subjects for Observation, 888.— Expected Disco- 

 veries, 889.— Actinic Processes, 890.— The Reservoirs of Heat, 891. — An Office 

 for Waves in the Sea, 892. — The Radiating Power of Earth, Air, and Water 

 compared, 893— A Reflection concerning Heat, 894, — Probable Relation between 

 the Actinism of the Sea and its Depth, 895 Page 451 



