xviii CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



LAND AND SEA BREEZES. 



Lieutenant Jansen, <5» 228. — His Contributions, 229. — The Sea-breeze, 230. — An Il- 

 lustration, 231. — The Land-breeze, 232. — Jansen's Account of the Land and Sea 

 Breeze in the East Indies, 234.— A'Morning Scene, 235.— The Calm, 237.— The 

 Inhabitants of the Sea going to Work, 239. — Noon, 240. — The Sea-breeze dies, 245. 

 - — The Land-breeze, 247. — A Discussion, 248. — Why Land and Sea Breezes are 

 not of equal Freshness on the Sea-shore of all Countries, 252. — The Sea-breeze at 

 Valparaiso, 255.— The Night, 258.— A Contrast, 263 Page 104 



CHAPTER V. 



RED FOGS AND SEA DUST. 



Where found, ^ 266.— Tallies on the Wind, 272.— Where taken up, 278.— Humboldt's 

 Description, 282. — Questions to be answered, 284. — What Effects the Deserts have 

 upon the General Circulation of the Air, 286. — Information derived from Sea Dust, 

 288.— Limits of Trade-winds, 289.— Breadth of Calm Belts, 290 116 



CHAPTER VI. 



ON THE PROBABLE RELATION BETWEEN MAGNETISM AND THE CIRCULATION OF THE 



ATMOSPHERE. 



Faraday's Discoveries, ^ 299. — Is there a crossing of Air at the Calm Belts'? 301. — 

 Whence comes the Vapor for Rains in extra-tropical Regions 1 305. — Significant 

 Facts, 310. — Wet and dry Winds, 311. — Regions of Precipitation and Evaporation, 

 312. — \Vhat guides the Wind in his Circulations 1 313. — Distribution of Rains and 

 Winds not left to Chance, 315. — A Conjecture about Magnetism, 318. — Circum- 

 stantial Evidence, 323. — More Evaporating Surface in the Southern than in the 

 Northern Hemisphere, 326. — Whence come the Vapors that feed the great Rivers 

 with Rains 1 329. — Rain and Thermal Maps, 330. — The Dry Season in California, 

 the Wet in the Mississippi Valley, 332. — Importance of Meteorological Observations 

 in British America, 333. — Importance of extending the System from the Sea to the 

 Land, 334. — Climate of the Interior, 335. — The extra-tropical Regions of the North- 

 ern Hemisphere Condenser for the Trade-winds of the Southern, 336. — Plate VII., 

 339. — Countries most favorable for having Rains, 343. — How does the Air of the 

 -Northeast and Southeast Trades cross in the Equatorial Calms, 350. — Rain for the 

 Mississippi Valley, 357. — Blood Rains, 372. — Track of the Passat-Staub on Plate 

 VII., 374.— The Theory of Ampere, 378.— Calm Regions about the Poles, 380.— 

 The Pole of maximum Cold, 381 125 



CHAPTER VII. 



CURRENTS OF THE SEA. 



Governed by Laws, <J 396.— The Capacity of Water to convey Heat, 399.— The Red 

 Sea Current, 404.— The per centum of Salt in Sea Water, 418.— The Mediterra- 

 nean Current, 423. — Under Current from, 424. — Admiral Smyth's Soundings, 426. — 

 Lyell's Views, 429. — Admiral Smyth's Views, 436. — Currents of the Indian Ocean, 

 439._Gulf Stream of the Pacific, 441.— Its resemblance to that of the Atlantic, 

 442. — An ice-bearing Current between Africa and Australia, 449. — Currents of the 



