THE WINDS. 



267 



come more or less heated, there is a call — a pulling back, if you 

 please — upon these trades to turn about and restore the equilibri- 

 um which the deserts destroy. There being few or no such re- 

 gions in the rear of the southeast trades, the southeast trade- wind 

 force prevails, and carries them over into the northern hemisphere. 

 765. By resolving the forces which it is supposed are the prin- 

 cipal forces that put these winds in motion, namely, calorific action 

 of the sun and diurnal rotation of the earth, we are led to the con- 

 clusion that the latter is much the greater of the two in its effects 

 upon those of the northern hemisphere. But not to such an ex- 

 tent is it gTcater in its effects upon those of the southern. Yie see 

 by the plate that those two opposing cun-ents of wind are so une- 

 qually balanced that the one recedes before the other, and that the 

 current from the southern hemisphere is larger in volume ; ^. e., it 

 moves a greater zone or belt of air. The southeast trade-winds 

 discharge themselves over the equator — i. e., across a great circle 

 — into the region of equatorial calms, while the northeast trade- 

 winds discharge themselves into the same region over a parallel 

 of latitude, and consequently over a small circle. If, therefore, 

 we take what obtains in the Atlantic as the type of what obtains 

 entirely around the earth, as it regards the trade- winds, we shall 

 see that the southeast trade-winds keep in motion more air than 

 the northeast do, by a quantity at least proportioned to the dif- 

 ference between the circumference of the earth at the equator and 

 at the parallel of latitude of 9° north. For if we suppose that 

 those two perpetual currents of air extend the same distance from 

 the surface of the earth, and move with the same velocity, a great- 

 er volume from the south would flow across the equator in a given 

 time than would flow from the north over the parallel of 9° in the 

 same time ; the ratio between-the two quantities would be as ra- 

 dius to the secant of 9°. Besides this, the quantity of land lying 

 within and to the north of the region of the northeast trade-winds 

 is much greater than the quantity within and to the south of the 

 region of the southeast trade-winds. In consequence of this, the 

 mean level of the earth's surface within the region of the northeast 

 trade-winds is, it may reasonably be supposed, somewhat above 

 the mean level of that part which is within the region of the south- 



