112 



[chap. 4 



identical results. In this case, use of climatological mean values for the period 

 would have led to an underestimate of about 7 % in both fluxes and no error in 

 their ratio. Similar analyses have been carried out for two other locations in the 

 tropics (Atlantic and Pacific equatorial trough zones) where synoptic-scale 

 disturbances are more frequent, but no significant differences from Table II 

 were found. 



Table II 



Comparisons of Air-Sea Fluxes using Means and Fifty-Nine Three-Hourly 

 Ship Observations (from Wyman- Woodcock (1946) Caribbean Data) 



Sensible Heat Flow 



Ma = 6.56 ni/sec 

 Standard deviation 



Aq= 5.89 X 10 3 



Standard deviation 



Ci,= 1.23x 10-3 

 Difference of two 



Standard deviation 

 Zlg = 0.74x 10-3 



Difference of two r's = 0% 



Difference of two 



It may be concluded tentatively from these small samples that use of mean 

 values for the constant and of climatological data in the transfer formulas for 

 heat and moisture are satisfactory within the purposes for which such long- 

 period calculations are generally made. Many recent workers in meteorology 

 (Riehl et al., 1951 ; Riehl and Malkus, 1958; Colon, 1960) have used equations 

 (18) and (19) in the form 



Qs = 4.16xlO-7(To-T«)Ma, 



Qe = LE = 1.71 X 10-^ L{qo-qa)ua, 



(20) 

 (21) 



