SECT. 2] 



LARGE-SCALE INTERACTIONS 



135 



transport across the subtropical ridge! Table IX, in fact, shows some indication 

 that the air fluxes of Table I may be too large. Resolution of this vital point 

 may be hoped for with the coming improved ways of directly measuring 

 atmospheric radiation fluxes through the satellite program and air-borne radio- 

 meters (see, for example, Clarke, 1959; Brewer and Houghton, 1956). 



Another approach to settling this question lies in determining independently 

 each of the other terms entering the atmosphere's heat budget. The balance 



The Heat Bolance of the Atmosphere 



kg col" 

 cm^ yr 





\ / \ 



\ / N / 



\^^ N / 



\ / 



Fig. 15. Heat-energy balance components of the atmosphere. (After Budyko, 1956, Fig. 71.) 

 Mean annual values in kg cal cm-2 per year as functions of latitude. Dash-dotted 

 curve for radiation balance, Ra, from equation (26), Figs. 10 and 13. Solid curve for 

 precipitation warming, LP, computed from Fig. 14 with slight adjustment to achieve 

 balance (see text). Sensible heat flux from sea, Qg, in dotted curve from Fig. 8. Atmos- 

 pheric heat and potential energy flux divergence, Q„a, from Fig. 13. 



