538 HERSEY AND BACKUS [CHAP. 13 



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oceanic animals at great depths. Limnol. Oceanog., 4, 163-180. 

 Clarke, G. L. and G. K. Wertheim, 1956. Measurements of illumination at great depths 



and at night in the Atlantic Ocean by means of a new bathyphotometer. Deep-Sea 



Res., 3, 189-205. 

 Cousteau, J.-Y., 1954. To the depths of the sea by bathyscaphe. Nat. Geog. Mag., 106, 



67-79. 

 Craig, R. E., 1955. Appendix 2, in Hodgson and Fri6riksson, 1955. The use of echo- 

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asdic. Rapp. Cons. Explor. Mer, 139, 1-49. 

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266-275. 

 Gushing, D. H., F. Devoid, J. C. Marr and H. Kristjonsson, 1952. Some modern methods 



offish detection: Echo sounding, echo ranging and aerial scouting. F.A.O. Fisheries 



Bull., 5, 95-119. 

 Gushing, D. H., A. J. Lee and I. D. Richardson, 1956. Echo traces associated with thermo- 



clines. J. Mar. Res., 15, 1-13. 

 Gushing, D. H. and I. D. Richardson, 1955. Echo sounding experiments on fish. Min. 



Agric. Fish., Fish Invest., Lond., ser. 2, 18, 1-34. 

 Gushing, D. H. and I. D. Richardson, 1956. A record of plankton on the echo-sounder. 



J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K., 35, 231-240. 

 Devin, G., Jr., 1959. Survey of thermal, radiation and viscous damping of pulsating air 



bubbles in water. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 31, 1654r-1667. 

 Dietz, R. S., 1948. Deep scattering layer in the Pacific and Antarctic Oceans. J. Mar. 



Res., 7, 430-442. 

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J. AcoiLSt. Soc. Amer., 18, 254. (Abstract of a paper presented at the thirty-first meet- 

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 Ellis, L. G. and A. G. Winterhalter, 1956. Unusual reflection events in offshore seismic 



work. Geophysics, 21, 755-764. 

 Eyring, G. F., R. J. Christensen and R. W. Raitt, 1948. Reverberation in the sea. J. Acoust. 



Soc. Amer., 20, 462-475. 

 Frassetto, R., R. H. Backus and E. Hays, in press. Sound-scattering layers and their 



relation to thermal structvire in the Strait of Gibraltar. Deep -Sea Res. 

 Herdman, H. F. P., 1953. The deep scattering layer in the sea: Association with density 



layering. Nature, 172, 21b-21&. 

 Hersey, J. B., 1957. Electronics in oceanography. Advances in Electron. Electr. Phys., 9, 



239-295. 

 Hersey, J. B. and R. H. Backus, 1954. New evidence that migrating gas bubbles, probably 



the swimbladders offish, are largely responsible for scattering layers on the continental 



rise south of New England. Deep-Sea Res., 1, 190-191. 

 Hersey, J. B., H. R. Johnson and L. G. Davis, 1952. Recent findings about the deep 



scattering layer. J . Mar. Res., 11, 1-9. 

 Hersey, J. B. and H. B. Moore, 1948. Progress report on scattering layer observations in 



the Atlantic Ocean. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Un., 29, 341-354. 

 Hodgson, W. G. and A. FriSriksson, 1955. Report on echo-sounding and asdic for fishing 



purposes. Rapp. Cojxs. Explor. Mer., 139, 1-49. 

 Hunt, F. v., 1954. Electroacoustics : The Analysis of Transduction, and its Historical 



Background. Harvard Monographs in Applied Science, Number 5. Harvard Univer- 

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 Johnson, H. R., R. H. Backus, J. B. Hersey and D. M. Owen, 1956. Suspended echo- 

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 Johnson, M. W., 1948. Sound as a tool in marine ecology, from data on biological noises 



and the deep scattering layer. J. Mar. Res., 7, 443-458. 



