The Three-dimensional Temperature Distribution and its Variation in Time 99 



If the disturbance in the upper layer is due to an increase in the salinity by AS^, 

 then the final temperature and salinity are 



h 

 ^1,2 and 5i,2+i-^ ^S^- 



A disturbance in the second layer can in the same way be passed on to a third and from 

 this to a fourth and so on while at the same time its intensity decreases continually. 

 If the disturbance in the layer /?! + //g is due to a temperature decrease of J )?i,2 then 

 progression of the convection to the third layer in an analogous way gives the tem- 

 perature and saUnity at the end of the convection process as 



/7iJl^l + //l, 2^^1,2 



^1.2, 



^1,2,J 



and iSi, 2, 3' 



If the disturbance is due to an increase in the salinity ofASx,^ then the temperature and 

 salinity are 



t^i.2,3 and ^1,2, 3 H r . 



"1,2.3 



Thesimplestwayofcalculatingzl'!^andJ5'is to use a [r5]-diagram (see Chap. VI). In 

 Fig. 46 the thin Unes are lines of equal density (isopycnals). The point A shows the values 



20° 



347o< 



35%< 



36%, 



377o< 



15' 



10' 



Fig. 46. [r5]-diagram for the determination of degree of disturbance during the initiation of 

 convection processes in the sea. 



