130 The Three-dimensional Temperature Distribution and its Variation in Time 



Table 56. Vertical distribution of temperature and salinity in the 

 European Mediterranean 



During the autumn and winter tlie deep water forms at the surface and is carried 

 by the convection to the deep basins. This is not influenced through the Straits of 

 Gibraltar, since the bottom current through the straits carries water out from the 

 Mediterranean and the influence of the upper current on salinity and temperature does 

 not reach very far to the east. 



Conditions in the Red Sea are similar (see Table 57, Riel, 1932). 



Table 57. Vertical distribution of temperature and salinity in the Red 

 Sea and in the Gulf of Aden. ''Will. Snellius" Exp., April 1929 



Depth 

 (m) 



Red Sea 



St. 18 



15° 52' N., 44° 43' E. 



Straits of 



Bab-el-Mandeb 



St. 19 



13° 27' N., 42° 51' E. 



Gulf of Aden 



St. 20 



12° 55' N., 45° 48' E. 



r(°c) 



S(%o) 



T{°0 



S (%o) 



r(°c) 



S{%o) 







25 



50 



100 



150 



250 



500 



600 



700 



900 



1000 



26-70 

 26-10 

 25-99 

 22-51 

 21-94 

 21-66 

 21-59 

 21-58 

 21-60 

 21-63 

 21-66 



37-07 

 37-11 

 37-42 

 40-27 

 40-46 

 40-57 

 40-61 

 40-57 

 40-60 

 40-60 

 40-60 



Bottom 1030 m 



27-60 

 27-41 

 27-28 

 24-53 



36-12 

 36-33 

 36-36 

 38-57 



28-80 



125 m 

 22-80 39-98 



Bottom 135 m 



36-25 



