The Three-dimensional Temperature Distribution and its Variation in Time 135 



of the winter can be represented by the curve shown in Fig. 57. The winter cooling 

 reaches down to a depth hy,. The heating during spring and summer initially 

 affects only the uppermost layer and penetrates very slowly downwards to lower layers. 

 During the summer it reaches to a depth /?, and the vertical distribution can then be 



*- Temperature 



Fig. 57. Development of the vertical temperature distribution in the polar seas. 



represented by the broken curve. The formation of a cold intermediate zone is clearly 

 shown ; it is tiot in a stationary state, but is gradually weakened by continuous heating 

 from above and by mixing with the warmer water masses above and below, and may 

 even disappear towards the end of summer to be reformed the following winter. 



Table 60. The cold intermediate layer in the polar waters 



Depth 

 (ra) 



Barents Sea 



"Poseidon" 15 



2 Aug. 1927; 214 m 



75-2° N., 260° E. 



TCO 



S(%o) 



Cape Farewell 



"Utekor" 43 



9 Aug. 1930; 173 m 



59-6° N., 44-0° W. 



T{°C) 



5(%o) 



Baffin Bay 



"Godthaab" 50 



13 July 1928; 215 m 



69-7° N., 57-4° W. 



rrc) 



siXo) 



Labrador Current 



"Marion" 1251 



11 July 1931; >200m 



54-6° N., 53-5" W. 



TCO 



5(%o) 





 10 



25 

 50 

 75 

 100 

 150 

 175 

 200 



+2-49 

 + M9 

 000 

 -0-79 

 -0-79 

 -007 

 +0-26 

 +0-47 

 +0-56 



30-30 

 3200 

 34-16 



34-74 

 34-83 

 34-88 

 34-94 

 34-96 

 34-96 



+0-49 

 +0-63 

 +0-98 

 -0-79 

 -0-81 

 + 1-12 

 +2-82 



32-35 

 32-69 

 .32-90 

 33-08 

 33-31 

 33-71 

 34-14 



+4-10 

 +3-60 

 +0-64 

 -1-60 

 -1-56 

 -0-91 

 +0-65 

 + 1-20 



165 m 

 +2-02 34-16 



213 m 

 +0-61 34-96 



33-35 

 33-37 

 33-40 

 33-68 

 33-75 

 33-86 

 34-13 

 34-29 



+ 3-85 



+0-01 

 -1-19 

 -0-72 

 -0-24 

 +0-51 



+ 1-36 



32-26 



3305 

 33-27 

 33-69 

 3400 

 34-21 



34-47 



