218 [TS]-relationship and Connection with Mixing Processes and Large Water Masses 



The central water at 500-800 m in each of the three oceans forms the principal mass 

 which always has a structure with an almost linear [r^SJ-relation and thus manifests 

 its normal mixing in both horizontal and vertical directions. Underneath, and sepa- 

 rated from it by the Antarctic inteiTnediate water, the deep and bottom waters are 

 found in the Southern Hemisphere which have a remarkably similar structure in all 

 three oceans. In the Northern Hemisphere the Atlantic is blocked oif from the Arctic 

 Sea and has little or no Arctic intermediate water, but the Pacific Ocean, on the 

 other hand, definitely shows this water and thus this ocean is of a more symmetrical 

 structure. The North Atlantic and the Indian Ocean show a strongly increased salinity 

 in the layers between 800 and 2000 m due to the inflow of warm saline water from the 

 Mediterranean and the Red Sea. These eff'ects are quite strong and are evidenced even 

 in the southern parts of these oceans. There are no corresponding disturbances in the 

 Pacific Ocean. On careful examination of Table 83 one cannot fail to regard the 

 striking similarity of the thermo-haline structure of the oceans with astonishment. 

 There can be no doubt that this is a consequence of an analogous oceanic circulation 

 driven and maintained by the same forces. 



