498 



N 60° 

 

 D 

 (mJ! 



K>00 



2000 



3000t: 



Ocean Currents in a Non-homogeneous Ocean 



50° 40° 30° 20° 10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 



1000 



2000 



3000 



60° S 

 

 D 

 (m) 



1000 



-2000 



-3000 



Fig. 228a. Average depth of the reference-level (layer of no motion) in the Atlantic Ocean 



(according to Neumann)). 



Thus for the large scale major oceanic circulations the fundamental relation 



8^ D 8& 



(XV. 19) 



is obtained. An investigation of the reference level (layer of no motion) similar to that 

 made by Defant was also carried out by Neumann (1942, 1943) in an evaluation of 

 observational data for the Black Sea. For the strong vertical stratification of this 

 adjacent sea the topography of the reference level is more closely connected with the 

 position of the boundary layers characterizing this vertical structure. Figure 229 shows 

 the position of the different boundary surfaces in a longitudinal section near 43° N, 

 It is almost the same everywhere: the lower plankton limit, the maximum density 



40° E 41= 



Fig. 229. Depth of different characteristic boundary layers in a longitudinal cross-section 

 through the Black Sea in 43° N. (according to Neumann). 



