676 



The Stratospheric Circulation 



developed that it extends past the equator and can be traced almost as far as 20° 

 N. It is noteworthy that the thickness of the intermediate water at first is about 1000 m 

 and later on diminishes in wedge-form, and that it is found across the entire width 

 of all cross-sections through the ocean (see Pt. I, Fig. 77 p. 174). 



A detailed analysis of the sub-Antarctic intermediate current in the Atlantic — 

 which is the only ocean for which this is possible at the present time — using the core 

 layer method and the [r5']-relationship has been given by WiJST (19366). By a deter- 

 mination of the percentage with which the original water type can be found south of 

 the Polar Front at each place in the entire space, and how much of it has been lost due 



Fig. 3186. {a) The schematic southern ocean. Antarctica is the full black circle. The meri- 

 dional barrier projecting out from Antarctica is represented by the full heavy black line. 

 The schematic wind system (purely zonal) is depicted by the heavy arrows on the lower 

 left. Latitudes of Ekman convergence and sinking at the surface are indicated by 0, 

 latitudes of divergence and upwelling are indicated by ®. The direction of the required 

 meridional geostrophic flow is indicated by thin radial arrows. 



(Jb) Transport lines of the solution for the model depicted in Fig. 3186,(«) The western 

 boundary currents are to be interpreted schematically. 



(c) Hypothetical form of the solution, that results from rupturing the American-Antarctic 

 barrier in such a way as to permit water to flow throughout, to obstruct all latitude 

 circles (according to Stommel 1957). 



