726 



Subject Index 



Current — contd. 

 caused by excess of precipitation and run-off 



over evaporation 562-4 

 density, effect of wind on 544-555 

 relationship between wind and 550-2 

 surface density, computation of velocity in 

 equatorial regions from wind data 

 552-5 

 steady in a stratified ocean 479 



including friction 482 

 stationary, and water bodies 451-469 

 system in a hydrographic vortex 578-9 

 and thermocline near the equator 463 

 in sea straits 513-543 

 theory of 517-523 

 sea surface currents 557-572 

 charts of sea surface currents 557 

 in Atlantic Ocean 558-566 

 in Indian Ocean 566-8 

 in Pacific Ocean 568-572 

 polar currents of the Northern Hemisphere 



662-9 

 antarctic circumpolar currents 673-9 

 sub-antarctic intermediate 684-9 

 in the middle part of the stratosphere 



683-8 

 polar bottom 680-3 



distributions in the lower Atlantic deep 

 currents (3000 m) 689 



numerical values 103 

 viscosity 103 

 numerical values 104 

 see also viscosity 

 Effects of subtropical adjacent seas on deep-sea 



circulation 690-3 

 Energy budget between ocean and atmosphere 



235-242 

 Equatorial counter current 559, 569, 599, 602 

 Equilibrium, condition for static 337 

 disturbance and re-establishment of static 



339 

 indifferent, stable, labile or unstable 126, 



127, 195 

 quasistatic 338 

 vertical in the Oceans 195 

 radiational in uppermost oceanic layers 94 

 Estuaries (River mouths), current in 538-543 



theory of currents in 540-3 

 Evaluation, dynamic, of oceanographic observa- 

 tions 338 

 Evaporation, determination from energy con- 

 siderations 222-5 

 distribution 163, 221-5, 229 

 measurement and computation of 219-21 

 geophysical process of 225-3 1 

 Expeditions, oceanographic xiv 

 Experiments, model, on planetary flow patterns 

 687-8 



Deep-sea bottom 16 



data 



depressions and trenches 16, 24-7 



methods of recording 10 



indirect methods with unprotected thermo- 

 meters 12 



large-scale features 27-31 



circulation, effects of subtropical adjacent 

 seas on 690-3 

 Density of sea water, 



dependence on temperature, salinity and 

 pressure 41 



diurnal and annual variations at the surface 

 185-6 



distribution at surface of the oceans 187 



potential 192 



vertical distribution 191, 194 



current, effect on wind on 544-554 

 Development of oceanography xiii 

 Diffusion {see eddy diffusivity) 101 

 Discontinuity surface, stable 453-9 

 Divergence of stream lines 359 



points, 363 

 Drift bottles and drifting objects 342 



current 399-406 

 according observations 415 



East and West Greenland current 662-5 

 Echo sounding 11 



profiles of 19 

 Eddy 

 conductivity 92 

 lateral 93, 105 

 numerical values 93, 415 

 diffusivity 103 

 importance of tongue-like distributions 

 101, 106 



Freezing point of sea-water 44, 45 

 Friction, Guldberg-Mohn 398 



turbulent, see eddy viscosity 



velocity 389 

 Frictional depth and frictional coefficient 422 

 Fronts, stationary 452 



Geoid 6 



Gibraltar and Bab el Mandeb, currents in 529-533 



Glaciation in the polar regions 271 



Glaciers calving into the sea 272 



Gliding, up and down-surface 469 



Gradient current 406-413 



according observations 415 

 Guiana current 606 

 Gulf Stream, dynamic of 617-638 



comparison with Kuroshio 634-5 



internal structure 607-617 



main sources of 614 



quasi synoptic investigations 615-7 

 Gulf Stream, stability of 635-7 



Charney's theory 627-637 



Heat, budget for the ocean 88-90, 223 



annual 116 



conducted through ocean bottom 89, 128 



exchange 88, 92 



sources and losses 88, 89, 93 

 Helland-Hansen's fundamental equation of 



dynamic oceanography 486 

 Hydrogen-ion concentration 74 



role in carbon dioxide system 78 

 Hypsographic curve of the Earth 1 5 



Ice, see also Sea-ice 

 conditions in both polar caps 



257 



