728 



Subject Index 



Seas adjacent, marginal or mediterranean 4, 



30-32 

 Sea-ice, density and porosity 247-9 



formation and terminology 243-5 



mechanical properties 255-7 



physical and chemical properties 245-257 



salinity 245-7 



seasonal and aperiodic variations in Arctic 

 and Antarctic regions 257 



thermal properties and temperatures of 

 249-55 

 Sea-water, its physical and chemical properties 

 32-87 



principal constituents 37 



trace elements in 40 



density 41-4 



boiling point 44 



freezing point 44 



optical properties 51 



osmotic pressure 44 



specific heat 48 



vapour pressure of 44 



viscosity 50 



chemistry of 64-87 



oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide 

 contents 65-70 



calcium carbonate 83-7 



carbon dioxide 41-83 

 Section, dynamic 338 

 Shelf, continental 16, 20 

 Ships journals xiii 

 Singularities in current field 359-366 

 Singular lines in current field of Atlantic 564 

 Specific heat of sea-water 48 

 Structure, vertical of total Earth 1 

 Surface tension of sea-water 51 

 Stability in the oceans 195 



in the deep trenches 197 



distribution in Atlantic 198 

 Static of the ocean 337 



equation 337 

 Steady currents in a homogeneous sea 



without friction 383 



under the action of external forces 398-436 



effects of changing depth and spherical shape 

 of the Earth 385 

 Straits, sea, water stratification and movements 

 in 513-7 



external influences on oceanographic con- 

 ditions 534-8 

 Stratification, stable, of water masses 458-469 

 Stratosphere, oceanic 122 



circulation 661-673 



temperature in 123 



salinity in 172 

 Stream line 342 



convergence and divergence lines 359 



convergence and divergence points 363 



neutral points 364 



singularities in 359-365 

 Sub-antarctic intermediate current 675-9 

 Subtropical convergence 144 



Temperature, measurements 34-6 

 determination in ocean layers 34 

 changes caused by radiation absorption 94 

 diurnal variation at the surface 109 

 in surface layers 110 



annual variation at the surface 1 10-14 

 in surface layers 114 

 theory 115 

 distribution in horizontal and vertical sections 



140-49 

 vertical distribution 117-19 

 in adjacent seas 129-33 

 in adjacent seas at higher latitudes 133 

 mean, for zonal oceanic zones 153 

 of bottom in the three oceans 149 

 adiabatic changes 123-6 

 potential 123, 125 

 and stability 126-7 

 Temperature-salinity relationship 202-16 

 practical significance 203 

 illustrating water masses 210-14 



in Atlantic 202-16 

 and mixing of water masses 203-10 

 Thermocline (transition layer) 

 with physical surface in tropics and subtropics 



463 

 in Atlantic 120 

 theory 121-22 

 Topography, absolute, of physical sea surface in 

 Atlantic Ocean 596 

 of 100 and 500 decibar isobar surface 517 

 of 800 and 2000 decibar isobar surface 674, 



resp. 686 

 in convergence region of South Atlantic 657 

 in the Antarctic convergence zone 670 

 in Davis Strait and Labrador Sea 668 

 Trajectory of water movements 342 

 Transgressions, Atlantic, of Le Danois 659 

 Transient response of ocean to variable wind 



stresses 702-7 

 Trenches, deep-sea 24-7 



and gravity profiles 26-7 

 Troposphere, oceanic, position and structure 

 592-602 

 salinity 166-72 

 circulation 592-660 

 Troughs, see Trenches 



Turbulence, dissipation of turbence energy 391 

 and stratification 391 

 and mixing in the sea 393 

 statistical theory 393-8 

 Turbulent friction, see eddy viscosity 



Undercurrent, equatorial 604-5 

 Upwelling phenomena 643-66 

 theory of Defant, Sverdrup, Hidaka 646-656 



Vapour pressure of sea-water 44 

 Velocity, friction 389 

 Velocity field 342, 356-370 

 representation, by means of compass cards 356 



by means of stream lines 356 

 near land 370 

 divergence of 374-9 

 Viscosity of sea-water 50 

 eddy 104 



in sea currents 387-391 

 coefficient 387 

 Vortex, circular hydrographic, wind eff"ects and 



current system 576-9 

 Vortices, development of 373-4 

 standing 372 



