454 Tides in the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas 



The amplitudes resulting from the analysis of the various components are 

 given in Table 72; underneath these are the theoretically computed values, 

 and one can see the complete agreement between the observations and the 

 theory. In Hayford's paper (1922) which deals with the variations in the sea 

 level of Lake Erie there are also definite indications of the presence of the 

 tide wave, which is, however, concealed by the strong free oscillations of 

 the lake. 



Endros has also proven the semi-diurnal tide wave for Lake Balaton 

 (Hungary) from the limnographic registrations of Cholnoky (1897) for the 

 period 1892-96. He showed that the western end has high water at 3 h, the 

 eastern end at 9 h. The tidal ranges at the time of the syzygies were between 

 10 and 13 mm. The uninodal period of the free oscillation of the lake has 

 a duration of 9-4-10 h, so that v lies between 075 and 085. The theory gives 

 tidal ranges of 13-15 mm for the semi-diurnal tide wave, which come very 

 close to the observations. 



Endros has proven that in smaller seas there are occasionally tide waves 

 contrary to the opinion expressed by Forel. The Lake of Geneva has semi- 

 diurnal waves which were observed at its western end (Secheron) with a high 

 water between 2 and 3 h and a low water between 8 and 9 h. The tidal range 

 is only 1 9 mm. Superimposed to these semi-diurnal waves is a stronger 

 diurnal wave with a 2-8 mm tidal range and which is probably of meteoro- 

 logical origin. These tide waves can only be found with any certainty from 

 the limnograms on days when seiches are non-existent, but the comparison 

 with the expected tides from the theory proves beyond doubt that we have 

 to do with pure tides. As, in such cases v is very small one can apply the 

 simple equilibrium theory. We find for the semi-diurnal tides a tidal range 

 of 51 mm and, considering also the north-south oscillation at the western 

 end, an establishment of 2 h. This agrees very well with the observations; 

 the observed tidal range is only one-third of the theoretical value. Frictional 

 influences can hardly cause such a strong decrease of the tidal ranges, but 

 perhaps we attribute this decrease to the tides of the solid earth (see Chap- 

 ter XV). 



The question as to whether tide waves can be detected in every lake by 

 means of properly made observations must be answered affirmatively. 



The deep Baikal Lake (about 615 km (380 miles) long) has been thoroughly 

 investigated. Jerimov and Krawetz (1926, p. 54) have computed the first 

 reliable tidal constants of the main lunar tide of the lake from two year's 

 registrations made in the Penrtschannja Bay (cp = 5215°N. I = 105-43°E.). 

 Later on, Sterneck (1926, p. 316; 1928, pp. 147, 221) has made a more com- 

 plete analysis of these observations, whose results agree with those obtained 

 by the Russian scientists. Sterneck computed for the two components M 2 

 and K x as principal representatives of the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides 

 respectively, the distribution of the tidal ranges and phases for sixteen cross- 



