19 



species the life history of which is under eracination Th^' - 

 f^^h.o"'' '" f Pi'acticel ir^port in th3 case of seve^\r^rtcn± -Pood 

 £tn?^^^ crustaceans and molluscs. The tn.Bmal knoi7l.n^o.e chat l^le 

 ?aSed lor?! "'' '''"'' °^''' '"' furthermore, of an eltrem^.ly de- 



ledge of every phenoaGtion m the sea, the temiDerature of its water 

 of'^h^^I^Sp.'^? physical oceanographer a:, evidence of the movements 

 if Ine of ?hP Jl"^"'^" °5 "'L^^^^ ^^-^"^ ^^ ^ ^^^^^^-^-^^e temperature 

 force! iLltlTfTT^^'''^^ ^^^^ "'T^''-'^ ^-^^^ internal hydro-sta-oic 

 in thi oceans! ^^^^'^^i^ a system of "oh eimo- dynamic circulation 



the Jr?nni°n? Jf ^^i^^ship that e^:ists bettreen the temperature of 

 the surface of the sea and that of the overlyino- air introduce ne- 

 the whole broad question of tlie control of lan3"cl.^JateG b? t& fish 

 of'S ?i?Sn'^fi'?? """ water^cnd by the r.gionardrB??ibS?ion^ 

 for Sdvi-^^?h! ? '''*^-' ^^'""i ^-^"^^ - directly practical reason 

 lor studying the temperature of the oceans (Page 87). 



only tSreb?) '*'the''-?L°n^^ charting of temperature (and approachable 

 onxy tnereoyj the tuermal proolems now most pressing in the sea 

 center chiefly around (a) detailed examination of the ?enpera?Sre- 

 cycles of regions that may be especially interesting from one bi^ 



pe?a?Se1???^'P' °' ^"°''l?' ^'^^ ^^^ general variltion in tsm^ 

 (c) Ihl ^lltl.iT seasons off shore, especially in the deeper strata, 

 from vear Jn^it^ non-seasonal _ fluctuations that are known to occur ' 

 irom year to year, or over periods of years, with their causes- ( d) ' 



above t?"'anffe?'?r''^^^''r^" ^^^ ^''^'^ °^ ^^^ -^ -^- ^"^ ^- 

 agencies! interplay of the several cooling and warming 



o-F ^.rY'^'^^^J^^^.^^^^ heading, empiric studies of the cooling effect 



deslred°'^'u?nti^.?'^''"'^' ^^'^^'^ °^ ^''' ^'^ ^'^ ^^^ ^^^^ *o ^^ 

 aesired, ^uantioative analysis of the chilling that Arctic and 



tf me?ts%oS?d\'^^^^'^^' ^°r ^"°' theoretically-may) bring aboSt as 

 11 ^t:^ ^°''S-'^ 5® °^ g^eat value. And tests are urgentlv needed as 

 to whetner the bottom water of the abyss does, in fSct receive an 



ob?er'va??o-ns'sSS^ f I'''' ''''' '^^ underlying earthr'^s'somrrecent 

 Telohlnl i^fi^i^t ' J,e'^'^u-se ^^arming from below woiad have a far- 

 reaching influence on the vertical circulation in the deepest layers. 



significant''?? ??f ^ differences in the salinity of the sea are in- 

 Spr.?.^S^ V^ biologic complex, compared to the variations in 

 ol?ev thP ^^;o^-^°''?^^r-? i\iB now generally appreciated that they 

 sc2e o?TP; ?.L ^'^^'^^ "J ^^^ qualitative indices to the broad 

 nflUml^''^^ currents of the ocean basins, and to the sources 

 respect Jn^l.Jft'^"''^'?"'" Regional probleras now urgent in this 

 l2'^??nth nf ? n ^ entire oceanographic complex alolg and among the 



f?iSiS?seL' iS^ ^^^'^^ ^'^'■^-?^ ^'^'^ °°^^^* °^ Alaslra; tne Asiatic 

 il uiii^T^P t^^ novements of the bottom wateis of tne Sulu Sea, 



ol ?he waL Lrth^?o^^2^°'^^-^2^^"'^' ^^^ erpan.ions and contractions 

 01 tne warm North Pacific Drift with the seasons: the trar^c^erei-PR 



?fw-''' through Bering straits; the up-weJ lings' along a^nioJr^^ 

 likewise in the H'ombolt current along the coasts of ELaiir and Peru 



